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Acute kidney injury epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

The incidence less severe AKI is approximately 200-300 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. The prevalence of acute kidney injury is approximately 400-500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Patients of all age groups may develop AKI. The incidence of AKI increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 76 years. AKI affects men and women equally.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The incidence less severe AKI is approximately 200-300 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[1]
  • The incidence AKI treated with renal replacement therapy is approximately 20 to 30 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • Ali et al reported a high incidence of 1811 cases of AKI per 1000,000 population during 2003.[2]

Prevalence

  • The prevalence of acute kidney injury is approximately 400-500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • In 2005, the mortality among patients with severe AKI requiring renal replacement therapy was 60.3%.

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop AKI.
  • The incidence of AKI increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 76 years.
  • Chronic renal failure is usually first diagnosed among patients with 80 years old.

Race

  • AKI usually affects individuals of the African America race. Caucasians individuals are less likely to develop AKI.[3]

Gender

  • AKI affects men and women equally.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Hoste EA, Schurgers M (April 2008). “Epidemiology of acute kidney injury: how big is the problem?”. Crit. Care Med. 36 (4 Suppl): S146–51. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318168c590. PMID 18382186.
  2. ↑ Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, Prescott G, Townend J, Smith W, Macleod A (April 2007). “Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study”. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 18 (4): 1292–8. doi:10.1681/ASN.2006070756. PMID 17314324.
  3. ↑ Grams ME, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Estrella MM, Foster MC, Tin A, Kao WH, Coresh J (August 2014). “Explaining the racial difference in AKI incidence”. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 25 (8): 1834–41. doi:10.1681/ASN.2013080867. PMC 4116065. PMID 24722442.
  4. ↑ Lima-Posada I, Portas-Cortés C, Pérez-Villalva R, Fontana F, Rodríguez-Romo R, Prieto R, Sánchez-Navarro A, Rodríguez-González GL, Gamba G, Zambrano E, Bobadilla NA (September 2017). “Gender Differences in the Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition”. Sci Rep. 7 (1): 12270. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09630-2. PMC 5612964. PMID 28947737.

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