Acute kidney injury history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Patients suspected of AKI should be asked about specific history incuding exposure to contrast and cardiac failure. Symptoms of acute kidney injury include decreased urine output, dark colored urine, fatigue, malaise, and nausea and vomiting.

Patients with acute kidney injury may have a positive history of:

• Exposure to contrast
• Presence of heart failure
• Presence of hypertension
• Presence of diabetes mellitus

Common symptoms of acute kidney injury include:^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}

• Decreased urine output
• Dark colored urine
• Fatigue
• Malaise
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pruritis
• Shortness of breath
• Hand tremor
• Easy bruisability
• Changes in mental status or mood, especially in older adults
• Decreased appetite
• Metallic taste
• Dry mucous membranes
• Swelling in legs, ankles or feet
• Slow, sluggish movements

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