Addison's disease causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Common causes of Addison’s disease include autoimmune, tuberculosis, AIDS, CMV, hemorrhage, infarction, sarcoidosis and infections.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes of Addison’s disease include:
- AIDS complications
- Adrenal infarction
- Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage(caused by trauma, anticoagulant therapy, or coagulation disorders).[1]
- Cancerous destruction of the adrenal gland, secondary to infiltrative or metastatic disease.
- Tubercular and fungal destruction of adrenal glands.
Common Causes
Common causes of Addison’s disease include:[2]
Less common causes
Less common causes of Addison’s disease include:
- Sarcoidosis
- Amyloidosis
- Fungal infections
- AIDS complications
- Hemochromatosis
- Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- Adrenomyelodystrophy
- Congenital factors, including hypoplasia, familial glucocorticoid insufficiency, and enzyme defect
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Arteritis, Hypotension, Hemorrhage, Infarction |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Corticosteroid withdrawal, Pasireotide |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Adrenal aplasia / hypoplasia, Adrenal metastases, After surgery of cortisol-secreting tumor, Bilateral adrenalectomy , Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Glucocorticoid deficiency 1 |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Hemochromatosis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Anticoagulation, Coagulopathy , Embolus, Leukemia, Lymphoma , Thrombosis |
| Iatrogenic | Iatrogenic, Radiation therapy |
| Infectious Disease | AIDS, Blastomycosis, CMV, Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis , Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire (MAI), Sepsis, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Tuberculosis, Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Adrenoleukodystrophy, Coma |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Kaposi’s sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Sarcoidosis, |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Uremia, Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Autoimmune, Sarcoidosis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Trauma |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Amyloidosis, Idiopathic, Iatrogenic, Radiation therapy, Surgery |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Adrenal aplasia / hypoplasia
- Adrenal metastases
- Adrenoleukodystrophy
- AIDS
- Amyloidosis
- Anticoagulation
- Arteritis
- After surgery of cortisol-secreting tumor
- Autoimmune/idiopathic
- Bilateral adrenalectomy
- Blastomycosis
- CMV
- Coagulopathy
- Coccidiomycosis
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Cryptococcosis
- Coma
- Corticosteroid withdrawal
- Drugs
- Embolus
- Glucocorticoid deficiency 1
- Hemochromatosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Hypotension
- Hemorrhage, infarction
- Iatrogenic
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Mycobacterium avium intracellulaire (MAI)
- Neonatal
- Neoplasm
- Radiation therapy
- Sarcoidosis
- Sepsis
- Surgery
- Syphilis
- Thrombosis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trauma
- Tuberculosis (20% of all Addison’s)
- Uremia
- Waterhouse-Friderichson syndrome
References
- ↑ LaBan MM, Whitmore CE, Taylor RS (2003). “Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage after anticoagulation prophylaxis for bilateral knee arthroplasty”. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 82 (5): 418–20. doi:10.1097/01.PHM.0000064741.97586.E4. PMID 12704285.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:14-15
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