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Bone or cartilage mass classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified according to the WHO histological classification system into benign and malignant tumors, and categorized into 5 sub-types: cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, notochordal tumors, hematopoietic tumors, and miscellaneous tumors.[1][2] In addition, bone and cartilage tumors may be sub-classified according to tumor location into 4 subtypes: diaphysis, metaphysis, epiphysis, and ungrouped/others.[3]

Classification

Bone and cartilage tumors may be classified by location, origin, and histopahological origin.

  • Tumor location
  • Tumor nature
  • Benign
  • Malignant
  • Origin
  • Primary
  • Secondary ( see “Secondary tumors classification” below)
  • Histopathological origin
  • Cartilage tumors
  • Osteogenic tumors
  • Fibrohistiocytic tumors
  • Notochordal tumors
  • Hematopoietic tumors
  • Miscellaneous tumors.


  • The table below summarizes the classification of bone and cartilage tumors according to histopathological origin, tumor location, and tumor nature.[1][2]
Bone or cartilage mass classification
Adapted from ICD-10/WHO (9180–9269)[3]
Osteogenic tumors: bone-forming tumors Cartilage tumors: cartilage-forming tumors Fibrogenic or fibrohistiocytic tumors Cystic tumors Others ( hematopoietic, notochordal, and neuroectodermal)
Histological Type
Epiphysis Diaphysis Metaphysis
Tumor Location
Benign Malignant
Tumor Nature


  • The table below summarizes the classification of secondary bone tumors (also known as “metastases”) according to location, and bone formation pattern.
Secondary bone tumors: classification
Adapted from Greenspan A et al. 2006 [4]
Bone formation pattern Tumor location
Osteolytic Skull
Osteoblastic Vertebral
Mixed
  • Breast cancer
  • Gastrointestinal cancers
  • Squamous cancers (at most primary sites)
Distal appendicular
Other types ( “Blow out” and “Cookie type”)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Bone tumors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_tumor Accessed on February 2, 2016
  2. 2.0 2.1 Alina Maria Sisu. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. http://www.intechopen.com/books/histopathology-reviews-and-recent-advances/on-the-bone-tumours-overview-classification-incidence-histopathological-issues-behavior-and-review Accessed on February 2, 2016
  3. 3.0 3.1 Miller TT (2008). “Bone tumors and tumorlike conditions: analysis with conventional radiography”. Radiology. 246 (3): 662–74. doi:10.1148/radiol.2463061038. PMID 18223119.
  4. Greenspan A, Jundt G, Remagen W. Differential diagnosis in orthopaedic oncology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c2007. (2006) ISBN:0781779308


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