Cholera secondary prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Tarek Nafee, M.D. [2], Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3], Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]

Overview

Secondary prevention of cholera includes prompt and appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suspected to have cholera.

Secondary Prevention

In case of suspected cholera within a community, secondary prevention methods include prompt and appropriate diagnosis and management of patients with suspected cholera including:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

IV fluids (Ringer Lactate is the best, in case of nonavailability of ringer lactate cholera saline or normal saline can be used)
Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
Antibiotics (doxycycline, erythromycin, tetracycline)
Rectal swabs and transport medium (Cary Blair or TCBS) for stool samples
Zinc supplementation for reduced stool output^[6]
Safe water is needed to rehydrate patients and to wash clothes and instruments
Chlorine or bleaching powder
Nasogastric tubes
Drips
Soap

References

↑ Lankarani KB, Alavian SM (2013). “Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today”. J Res Med Sci. 18 (8): 630–1. PMC 3872598. PMID 24379835.
↑ Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P (2002). “Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002847. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002847. PMID 11869639.
↑ Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN (1996). “Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children”. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 14 (4): 243–7. PMID 9203786.
↑ Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A (1978). “Single-dose doxycycline for cholera”. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 14 (3): 462–4. PMC 352482. PMID 708024.
↑ Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A; et al. (2008). “Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial”. BMJ. 336 (7638): 266–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE. PMC 2223005. PMID 18184631.
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA (2011). “Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera”. N Engl J Med. 364 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1013771. PMID 21142691.

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[pmid24379835-1] Lankarani KB, Alavian SM (2013). “Lessons learned from past cholera epidemics, interventions which are needed today”. J Res Med Sci. 18 (8): 630–1. PMC 3872598. PMID 24379835.

[pmid11869639-2] Hahn S, Kim S, Garner P (2002). “Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD002847. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002847. PMID 11869639.

[pmid9203786-3] Kabir I, Khan WA, Haider R, Mitra AK, Alam AN (1996). “Erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in the treatment of cholera in children”. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 14 (4): 243–7. PMID 9203786.

[pmid708024-4] Sack DA, Islam S, Rabbani H, Islam A (1978). “Single-dose doxycycline for cholera”. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 14 (3): 462–4. PMC 352482. PMID 708024.

[pmid18184631-5] Roy SK, Hossain MJ, Khatun W, Chakraborty B, Chowdhury S, Begum A; et al. (2008). “Zinc supplementation in children with cholera in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial”. BMJ. 336 (7638): 266–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.39416.646250.AE. PMC 2223005. PMID 18184631.

[pmid21142691-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Nelson EJ, Nelson DS, Salam MA, Sack DA (2011). “Antibiotics for both moderate and severe cholera”. N Engl J Med. 364 (1): 5–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1013771. PMID 21142691.

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