Chorioamnionitis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adnan Ezici, M.D [2] ; Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Chorioamnionitis may be caused by either bacterial, fungal, or viral microorganisms.^[1]

Common bacterial causes of chorioamnionitis include:^[1]^[2]

Bacteroides sp., especially Prevotella bivius
Streptococcus agalactiae
Enterobacteriaceae
Gardnerella vaginalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Fusobacteria sp.
Escherichia coli
Viruses (adenoviruses might be associated with histological inflammation.
Fungi, especially candida, might be the causative agent of chorioamnionitis especially in women who become pregnant while using intrauterine devices.^[2]
- Chorioamnionitis due to candida infection is associated by preterm birth and adverse fetal outcomes.^[1]
Trichomonas vaginalis might be the causative microorganism in chorioamnionitis, particularly in young and sexually active patients.

Common causative pathogens could be further divided based on the clinical outcome

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Escherichia coli
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Mycoplasma hominis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Adenovirus, Bacteroides , Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Fusobacteria sp., Gardnerella vaginalis , Gram-negative anaerobes , Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hominis , Prevotella bivius, Streptococcus group b, Streptococcus group a, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Mycoplasma hominis
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Chlamydia trachomatis, Endometritis, Prolonged labor
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	Gardnerella vaginalis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Urinary tract infection
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Fowler JR, Simon LV. PMID 30335284. Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kim CJ, Romero R, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiyasit N, Yoon BH, Kim YM (October 2015). “Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance”. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213 (4 Suppl): S29–52. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040. PMC 4774647. PMID 26428501.