Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Common causes of cholecystitis include cholelithiasis and infections.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Acute cholecystitis may become complicated as abscess, gangrene or perforation in patients who are older, with diabetes or who delay seeking treatment. This complicated acute cholecystitis can by itself be life-threatening.[1][2][3][4][5]
Common Causes
Common causes of chronic cholecystitis include:
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of chronic cholecystitis include:
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Cholesterol emboli, gall bladder ischemia, hemobilia, vasculitis
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Ceftriaxone, clofibrate, febuxostat, estrogen, octreotide, opiates, oral contraceptives, Pergolide, pramipexole, Rilpivirine, Sorafenib, sunitinib, Teduglutide, Tiagabine, zonisamide
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Acalculous cholecystitis, ampullary stenosis, calculous cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cirrhosis, Crohn’s disease, gall bladder ischemia, gallbladder carcinoma, gallstones, hemobilia, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscess, pancreatic tumor
|
| Genetic
|
Choledochal cyst, sickle cell disease
|
| Hematologic
|
Hemolysis, sickle cell disease
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Ascaris lumbricoides, bacteroides, brucella, campylobacter jejuni, candida, choledochal cyst, coxiella burnetii, echinococcus granulosus, edwardsiella tarda, epstein-barr virus, escherichia coli, flavivirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HIV, infections, isospora, klebsiella, leptospira, liver abscess, microsporidiosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, opisthorchiasis, plasmodium, salmonella enterica, salmonella infections, salmonella typhi, typhoid fever, vibrio cholerae
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
Acute myelogenous leukemia, gallbladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignancy, pancreatic tumor
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
No underlying causes
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
Crohn’s disease, Sjogren’s syndrome, SLE, vasculitis
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
Cholesterol emboli
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Idiopathic
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Gouma, DJ.; Obertop, H. (1992). “Acute calculous cholecystitis. What is new in diagnosis and therapy?”. HPB Surg. 6 (2): 69–78. PMID 1292590.
- ↑ Khuroo, MS. (1996). “Ascariasis”. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25 (3): 553–77. PMID 8863040.
- ↑ Araujo, PS.; Medeiros, Z.; Melo, FL.; Maciel, MA.; Melo, HR. “Candida famata-induced fulminating cholecystitis”. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 46 (6): 795–6. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0162-2013. PMID 24474028.
- ↑ Cello, JP. (1998). “AIDS-Related biliary tract disease”. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 8 (4): 963. PMID 9730942.
- ↑ Yasri, S.; Wiwanitkit, V. “Acute typhic cholecystitis”. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 10 (4): 395. doi:10.4103/0189-6725.125464. PMID 24469500.
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