Chronic renal failure other diagnostic studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

• Indications for Biopsy

  • Isolated glomerular hematuria with proteinuria
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Acute nephritic syndrome
  • Unexplained acute or subacute renal failure

• Contraindications

  • Uncorrectable bleeding disorder
  • Small kidneys indicative of chronic, irreversibile disease (<7-8 cm length)
  • Severe hypertension not controllable with medications
  • Multiple, bilateral cysts or a renal tumor
  • Hydronephrosis
  • Active renal or perirenal infection
  • Solitary native kidney (relative contraindication)

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