Congenital heart disease risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2], Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [3]

Individuals at an increased risk for congenital heart disease include:

• People with a family history of congenital heart disease.
• Risk factors during pregnancy:
  • Maternal rubella infection has been related to PDA, pulmonic valvular stenosis, and ASD
  • Chronic maternal alcohol abuse is associated with increased risk of VSD
  • Maternal lupus erythematous is associated with congenital complete heart block
  • Ingestion of thalidomide
  • Isotretinonin
  • Lithium (tricuspid valve anomalies)
  • Alcohol use of the mother
  • Chemotherapeutics
  • Thalidomide
  • Retinoic acid
  • Immunosuppressives
  • Hypoxia (Lack of oxygen)
  • Radiation
  • Rubella

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