Congenital rubella syndrome differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Overview

The most important congenital infections, which can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus are the TORCH infections. These infections have overlapping features and hence, must be differentiated from CRS.^[1]^[2]

Differentiating Congenital Rubella Syndrome from other Diseases

The most important congenital infections, which can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus are the TORCH infections. These infections have overlapping features and hence, must be differentiated from CRS:^[1]^[2]

Congenital Infection	Cardiac Findings	Skin Findings	Ocular Findings	Hepatosplenomegaly	Hydrocephaly	Microcephaly	Intracranial Calcifications	Hearing deficits
Toxoplasmosis	—	Petechiae Purpura Maculopapular rash	Chorioretinitis	✔	✔	✔	Diffuse intracranial calcifications	—
Treponema pallidum	—	Petechiae Purpura Maculopapular rash	Chorioretinitis Glaucoma	✔	—	—	—	—
Rubella	Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Pulmonary artery stenosis Coarctation of the aorta Myocarditis	Petechiae Purpura	Chorioretinitis Cataracts Glaucoma Microphthalmia	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)	✔	Petechiae Purpura	Chorioretinitis	✔	—	✔	Periventricular calcifications	✔
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)	Myocarditis	Petechiae Purpura Vesicles	Chorioretinitis	✔	✔	✔	—	✔
Parvovirus B19	Myocarditis	Petechiae Subcutaneous edema	Chorioretinitis Cataracts	✔	—	—	—	—

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Neu N, Duchon J, Zachariah P (2015). “TORCH infections”. Clin Perinatol. 42 (1): 77–103, viii. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.11.001. PMID 25677998.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ajij M, Nangia S, Dubey BS (2014). “Congenital rubella syndrome with blueberry muffin lesions and extensive metaphysitis”. J Clin Diagn Res. 8 (12): PD03–4. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10271.5293. PMC 4316306. PMID 25654000.

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[pmid25677998-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Neu N, Duchon J, Zachariah P (2015). “TORCH infections”. Clin Perinatol. 42 (1): 77–103, viii. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2014.11.001. PMID 25677998.

[pmid25654000-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Ajij M, Nangia S, Dubey BS (2014). “Congenital rubella syndrome with blueberry muffin lesions and extensive metaphysitis”. J Clin Diagn Res. 8 (12): PD03–4. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10271.5293. PMC 4316306. PMID 25654000.

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