Congenital rubella syndrome physical examination

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]

Congenital rubella syndrome affects multiple organ systems. The classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome consists of cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, many other findings are evident on physical examination, including low birth weight, skin lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Congenital rubella syndrome affects multiple organ systems. The classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome consists of cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). However, many other findings are evident on physical examination and these include:^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}

• 
  “Salt and pepper” retinopathy is the most common ocular manifestation of CRS. – By Jonathan Trobe, M.D. – University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center – http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/theeyeshaveit/congenital/retinopathy.html, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16115881
• 
  A child with congenital cataracts as a consequence of CRS. – By CDC – PHIL, Center for Disease Control (CDC) — ID# 713, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12841764
• 
  “Blueberry muffin” skin lesions, indicative of CRS. – By http://phil.cdc.gov/phil_images/20030724/28/PHIL_4284_lores.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=821959