Congestive heart failure risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D. [3]; Atif Mohammad, M.D.

Overview

Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.

Common risk factors associated with heart failure include:

Risk factors for heart failure	Prevention strategies
Sedentary habit	Regular physical activity
Cigarette smoking	Cigarette smoking cessation
Obesity	Physical activity and healthy diet
Excessive alcohol intake	General population: no/light alcohol intake is beneficial, avoiding alcohol in Patients with alcohol-induced CMP
Influenza	Influenza vaccination
Microbes (Trypanosoma cruzi, Streptococci)	Early diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy
Cardiotoxic drugs (anthracyclines)	Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation, change of chemotherapy
Chest radiation	Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation
Hypertension	Life style modification, antihypertensive drugs
Hyperlipidemia	Healthy diet, statins
Diabetes mellitus	Physical activities, healthy diet, SGLT2 inhibitors
Coronary artery disease	Life style modification, statins

The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline

↑ McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland J, Coats A, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam C, Lyon AR, McMurray J, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano G, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (September 2021). “2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure”. Eur Heart J. 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID 34447992 Check |pmid= value (help). Vancouver style error: initials (help)