Cyanotic heart defect classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in-Chief: Keri Shafer, M.D. [2]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[3]
Overview
Classification
Cyanotic heart defects, which account for approximately 25% of all congenital heart disease, include:[1][2][3][4]
- Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF)
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
- Transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA)
- Truncus arteriosus (Persistent)
- Tricuspid atresia
- Interrupted aortic arch
- Coarctation of aorta
- Tricuspid atresia
- Pulmonary atresia (PA)
- Pulmonary stenosis (advanced)
References
- ↑ Engle MA (February 1976). “Cyanotic congenital heart disease”. Am. J. Cardiol. 37 (2): 283–308. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(76)90324-6. PMID 129000.
- ↑ Kothari, Shyam Sunder (1992). “Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot — the missing link?”. International Journal of Cardiology. 37 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-M. ISSN 0167-5273.
- ↑ Gathman GE, Nadas AS (July 1970). “Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: clinical and physiologic observations of 75 pediatric patients”. Circulation. 42 (1): 143–54. doi:10.1161/01.cir.42.1.143. PMID 5425587.
- ↑ Abu-Harb M, Wyllie J, Hey E, Richmond S, Wren C (November 1994). “Presentation of obstructive left heart malformations in infancy”. Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 71 (3): F179–83. doi:10.1136/fn.71.3.f179. PMC 1061121. PMID 7820713.
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