Deafness causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[2]

Common Causes

Temporary hearing loss can be caused by:

The build-up of wax in the ear canal
Foreign body lodged in the ear canal
Injury to the head
Allergy
Blocked Eustachian tubes
Scarred or perforated eardrum
Ear infections (chronic otitis externa, chronic otitis media, malignant otitis externa)
Reaction to medication such as aminoglycosides, chloroquine, quinidine

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Congenital	Rubella syndrome; Congenital atresia of the external auditory canal; Congenital cytomegalovirus;[Congenital perilymphatic fistula; Fetal methyl mercury effects; Fetal iodine deficiency effects
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ethacrynic Acid, Pramipexole, Vinblastine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Any occupation with exposure to loud noises on a continuous day-to-day basis can result in hearing loss due to nerve end damage. Increased attention to conditions in the work environment has markedly decreased the likelihood of work-related hearing loss. See Noise-induced hearing loss.
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Osteogenesis imperfecta; Leopard syndrome (multiple lentigines syndrome); Otosclerosis; Robinson type ectodermal dysplasia; Cockayne syndrome; Bjorn pili torti and deafness syndrome; Multiple synostosis syndrome; Hunter syndrome; Taybi oto-palato-digital syndrome; Hereditary nephritis; Mohr syndrome; Hurler syndrome; Waardenburg syndrome; Kartagener syndrome; Fronto-metaphyseal dysplasia syndrome; Morquio syndrome; Trisomy 13 S; Treacher Collins syndrome; Stickler syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Meningitis; Mumps; Measles; Ear infection (otitis media); Scarlet fever
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Aminoglycoside antibiotics; Ethacrynic acid – oral; Aspirin; Chloroquine; Quinidine
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Traumatic perforation of the eardrum; Skull fracture (temporal bone); Acoustic trauma such as from explosions, fireworks, gunfire, rock concerts, and earphones; Barotrauma (differences in pressure)
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Meniere’s disease; Acoustic neuroma; Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis)

References

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