Dent's disease historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Dent’s disease was first described by Dent, C. E. and Friedman, M in 1964 when they reported 2 unrelated British boys with rickets associated with renal tubular damage characterized by hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, proteinuria, and aminoaciduria.^[1] This is a genetic disorder caused by the genetic mutations in the renal chloride channel ClCN5 which encodes a kidney-specific voltage gated chloride channel and a 746 amino acid protein (CLC-5), with 12 to 13 transmembrane domains; it manifests itself through low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, aminoaciduria and hypophosphataemia. Because of its rather rare occurrence, Dent’s disease is often diagnosed as idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), i.e. excess calcium in urine with undetermined causes.

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