Diffuse esophageal spasm risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Madhu Sigdel M.B.B.S.[2]

Common risk factors in the development of diffuse esophageal spasm include age (60-80 years), obesity, mitral valve prolapse, presence of GERD, hypertension, anxiety or depression, and drinks (eg. red wine, very hot or cold liquid or fluid).

Common risk factors in the development of diffuse esophageal spasm include:

• Age (60-80 years)

• Obesity

• Mitral valve prolapse

• Presence of GERD

• Hypertension

• Anxiety or depression

• Drinks (eg. red wine, very hot or cold liquid or fluid)^[1]

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