Eczema risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.

Overview

Risk factors of eczema include family history and FLG gene mutation.

Risk Factors

Hereditary factors
- Genetics is the strongest identifiable factor associated with development of eczema. ^[1]
- Family history and FLG gene mutation. ^[2]
- 34 genetic loci have been identified based on genome-wide association studies that accounts for almost 20% of eczema inheritance. ^[3]
- The profilaggrin protein of the FLG gene maintains the intactness of the skin. ^[4]
- Peanut allergy, herpes virus, and contact dermatitis were found to be associated with FLG gene mutation.^[5] ^[6]
Environmental factors
- People living in places with low humidity, cold temperature, and low ultraviolet light exposure tend to have a higher risk of eczema development according to US ecological records. ^[7]

References

↑ Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G; et al. (2016). “The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 138 (2): 500–508.e24. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020. PMID 27212086.
↑ Sicherer SH, Leung DY (2009). “Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2008”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 123 (2): 319–27. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.025. PMID 19203656.
↑ Paternoster L, Standl M, Waage J, Baurecht H, Hotze M, Strachan DP; et al. (2015). “Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis”. Nat Genet. 47 (12): 1449–1456. doi:10.1038/ng.3424. PMC 4753676. PMID 26482879.
↑ Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH (2009). “Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease”. J Cell Sci. 122 (Pt 9): 1285–94. doi:10.1242/jcs.033969. PMC 2721001. PMID 19386895.
↑ Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E (2014). “Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 134 (4): 769–79. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.008. PMC 4186710. PMID 25282559.
↑ Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY (2011). “Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases”. N Engl J Med. 365 (14): 1315–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1011040. PMID 21991953.
↑ Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL (2013). “Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States”. J Invest Dermatol. 133 (7): 1752–9. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.19. PMC 3646081. PMID 23334343.

[pmid27212086-1] Feld M, Garcia R, Buddenkotte J, Katayama S, Lewis K, Muirhead G; et al. (2016). “The pruritus- and TH2-associated cytokine IL-31 promotes growth of sensory nerves”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 138 (2): 500–508.e24. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.020. PMID 27212086.

[pmid19203656-2] Sicherer SH, Leung DY (2009). “Advances in allergic skin disease, anaphylaxis, and hypersensitivity reactions to foods, drugs, and insects in 2008”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 123 (2): 319–27. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.025. PMID 19203656.

[pmid26482879-3] Paternoster L, Standl M, Waage J, Baurecht H, Hotze M, Strachan DP; et al. (2015). “Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 21,000 cases and 95,000 controls identifies new risk loci for atopic dermatitis”. Nat Genet. 47 (12): 1449–1456. doi:10.1038/ng.3424. PMC 4753676. PMID 26482879.

[pmid19386895-4] Sandilands A, Sutherland C, Irvine AD, McLean WH (2009). “Filaggrin in the frontline: role in skin barrier function and disease”. J Cell Sci. 122 (Pt 9): 1285–94. doi:10.1242/jcs.033969. PMC 2721001. PMID 19386895.

[pmid25282559-5] Leung DY, Guttman-Yassky E (2014). “Deciphering the complexities of atopic dermatitis: shifting paradigms in treatment approaches”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 134 (4): 769–79. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.008. PMC 4186710. PMID 25282559.

[pmid21991953-6] Irvine AD, McLean WH, Leung DY (2011). “Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases”. N Engl J Med. 365 (14): 1315–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1011040. PMID 21991953.

[pmid23334343-7] Silverberg JI, Hanifin J, Simpson EL (2013). “Climatic factors are associated with childhood eczema prevalence in the United States”. J Invest Dermatol. 133 (7): 1752–9. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.19. PMC 3646081. PMID 23334343.

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