Encephalopathy risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Elderly patients and patients with multisystem disease are at risk for the development of encephalopathy.

Risk Factors

Most common cause of encephalopathy is metabolic cause. In this condition there will be increase in toxic substance to brain keeping the person at high risk of encephalopathy.

Common

Liver diseases
Renal diseases
Diabetes
Underlying brain condition’s like stroke ,epilepsy
Electrolyte abnormalities – hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia
Uncontrolled hypertension
Massive trauma

Less common

Nutritional deficiency
Post surgical status

PRECIPITATING FACTORS FOR ENCEPHALOPATHY
Underlying Disease	Examples	Precipitating Factors
LIVER DISEASES	Cirrhosis, Acute Liver Failure, Budd Chiari Syndrome, Hepatoma	Dehydration, Infection, Constipation, GI Bleeding, Electrolyte Imbalance
RENAL DISEASES	Renal Failure, Hyponatremia	Electrolyte Imbalance, Uremia, Dialysis, Uncontrolled HTN, Thiamine Deficiency
DIABETES	DKA	Chronic hyperglycemia, Stress, Trauma, Infection, SGLT-2 inhibitors, Thiazide Diuretics, Acute pancreatitis
STROKE, EPILEPSY	Ischemic stroke, Status Epilepticus	Acute seizure, Acute stroke

References

^[1] ^[2] “Metabolic encephalopathy secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report | BMC Endocrine Disorders | Full Text”. ^[3]Template:WH Template:WS

↑ Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Devrajani T, Kumar D (2009). “Precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad”. J Pak Med Assoc. 59 (10): 683–6. PMID 19813682.
↑ “The seventh annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. Abstracts”. S Afr J Surg. 16 (3): 201–23. 1978. PMID 33452.
↑ “The Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke”.

[pmid19813682-1] Devrajani BR, Shah SZ, Devrajani T, Kumar D (2009). “Precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital Jamshoro, Hyderabad”. J Pak Med Assoc. 59 (10): 683–6. PMID 19813682.

[pmid33452-2] “The seventh annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. Abstracts”. S Afr J Surg. 16 (3): 201–23. 1978. PMID 33452.

[urlThe_Epilepsies_and_Seizures:_Hope_Through_Research_|_National_Institute_of_Neurological_Disorders_and_Stroke-3] “The Epilepsies and Seizures: Hope Through Research | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke”.

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