Enthesopathy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Enthesitis

In medicine, an enthesopathy or enthesitis refers to an inflammation of entheses, the location where a bone has an insertion to a tendon or a ligament. Examples include spondyloarthropathy such as ankylosing spondylitis, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendinitis. The entheses are any point of attachment of skeletal muscles to bone, where recurring stress or inflammatory autoimmune disease can cause inflammation or occasionally fibrosis and calcification. One of the primary entheses involved in inflammatory autoimmune disease is at the heel. Heel swelling and inflammation are therefore used to help diagnose certain inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis.

Enthesopathies are disorders of peripheral ligamentous or muscular attachments. E.g.:

• Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder
• Rotator cuff syndrome of shoulder and allied disorders
• Periarthritis of shoulder
• Scapulohumeral fibrositis
• Enthesopathy of elbow region
• Enthesopathy of wrist and carpus
• Bursitis of hand or wrist
• Periarthritis of wrist
• Enthesopathy of hip region
• Bursitis of hip
• Gluteal tendinitis
• Iliac crest spur
• Psoas tendinitis
• Trochanteric tendinitis
• Enthesopathy of knee
• Enthesopathy of ankle and tarsus
• Other peripheral enthesopathies
• Unspecified enthesopathy

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