Eosinophilic pneumonia causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]

Causes of eosinophilic lung diseases are acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and Beta blockers.

• The cause of acute eosinophilic pneumonia is unknown but an acute hypersensitivity reaction is suggested.^[1]

Chrnoic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP)

• Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia is an characterized by an abnormal and marked accumulation of eosinophils in the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the lung.^[2]

• Three types of helminths, Ascaris, hookworms, and Strongyloides stercoralis, have larvae that reach the lungs, penetrate into alveoli, and ascend the airways then reach the gastrointestinal tract.
• Ascaris is the most common cause of Löffler syndrome worldwide.^[3][4]

• Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is immune response to the lymphatic filariae and Wuchereria bancrofti.^[5]
• Pulmonary function tests may show a mixed restrictive and obstructive abnormality with a reduction in diffusion capacity.^[6]

• Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) is a vasculitic disorder often characterized by sinusitis, asthma, and prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia.^[7]
• It is the sole form of vasculitis that is associated with both eosinophilia and frequent lung involvement.
• In addition to the lungs, the skin and the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurologic systems may also be involved.

• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a complex hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when airways become colonized by Aspergillus.^[8]
• Immunologic responses elicited by Aspergillus fumigatus are responsible for this syndrome. It can lead to bronchiectasis, and fibrosis.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction that includes skin eruption, eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, and kidney involvement. Drugs causing DRESS are:^[9]

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Anticonvulsants
• Antidepressants
• Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
• Beta blockers
• Hydrochlorothiazide
• Cocaine^[10]