Exophthalmos epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.

In adults, thyroid orbitopathy is the most common cause of unilateral and bilateral exophthalmos.

Thyroid orbitopathy has a female preponderance with a female-to-male ratio of 5:1.

In caucasian males, the average distance of globe protrusion is 21 mm, and, in african american males, it is 23 mm. Females also show racial variation but a difference of more than 2 mm between the 2 eyes of any given patient is considered abnormal.