Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Common causes of first-degree AV block include ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities (particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia), inflammation, infections (endocarditis, rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, Lyme disease, diphtheria), drugs (antiarrhythmic Ia, Ic, II, III, IV and digoxin, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers ), infiltrative diseases (sarcoidosis), collagen vascular diseases (SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma), idiopathic degenerative diseases (Lenegre and Lev diseases) and neuromuscular disorders and increased vagal tone in younger patients.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
Acute myocardial infarction, acute rheumatic fever, ASD, dilated cardiomyopathy, Ebstein’s anomaly, hypersensitive carotid sinus syndrome, hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Lev’s disease, myocardial bridging, myocarditis, post aortic valve replacement, post catheter ablation for arrhythmias, post closure of a ventricular septal defect, post mitral valve replacement, tetralogy of Fallot, endocardial cushion defect, transposition of the great vessels, valvular heart disease, VSD
|
| Chemical / poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
Amiodarone, beta-blockers, digitalis, calcium channel blockers, cholinesterase inhibitors, disopyramide, dofetilide, dolasetron, donepezil, eslicarbazepine acetate, fesoterodine, fingolimod, flecainide, ibutilide, lacosamide, magnesium, paliperidone, pramipexole, procainamide, propafenone, propoxyphene, quinidine, sotalol, terodiline
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
Hyperthyroidism, myxedema, thyrotoxic periodic paralysis, hypothyroidism
|
| Environmental
|
Hypothermia
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Hemochromatosis
|
| Genetic
|
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Fabry disease, glycogenosis type 2b, hereditary neuromuscular disease, Kearns-Sayre syndrome
|
| Hematologic
|
Multiple myeloma
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Post aortic valve replacement, post catheter ablation for arrhythmias, post closure of a ventricular septal defect, post mitral valve replacement
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Acute rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, diphtheria, Lyme disease, myocarditis, neonatal lupus erythematosus, protozoal infection, sarcoidosis, SLE, tuberculosis
|
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho
|
Ankylosing spondylitis, hereditary neuromuscular disease, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mitochondrial genome inherited conditions, muscular dystrophy
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional / Metabolic
|
Fabry disease, glycogenosis type 2b
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Oncologic
|
Multiple myeloma
|
| Opthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose / Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
Sarcoidosis
|
| Renal / Electrolyte
|
Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia
|
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy
|
Ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, SLE
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
Amyloidosis, degenerative diseases, enhanced vagal tone, normal variants
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
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