Group B streptococcal infection classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

Group B streptococcal (GBS) infection can be classified into three main categories depending on the type of affected subjects. GBS infection can occur in pregnant women, neonates, or non-pregnant adults mainly the elderly.^[1] Neonatal GBS infection can be further classified into early-onset or late-onset depending on the timing of the onset of the symptoms. Infections in newborns occurring within the first week of life are designated as early-onset disease, whereas late-onset infections occur in infants aged >1 week, with most infections evident during the first 3 months of life. ^[2]

Classification

Infection in Pregnant Women

GBS infection in pregnant women can lead to any of the following:

No symptoms (asymptomatic carrier)
Urinary tract infection
Chorioamnionitis
Endometritis
Premature rupture of membrane

Infection in Neonates

GBS infection in neonates can be classified as:^[2]

Early onset infection (within 24-48 hours, up to one week after delivery), which can lead to any of the following:
Late onset infection (after the first week, up to 3 months of life), which can lead to any of the following:
- Bacteremia without a focus of infection
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Pneumonia
- Focal infections (less commonly) such as adenitis, cellulitis, and arthritis^[3]

Infection in Men and Non-Pregnant Women

GBS infection in non pregnant adults occurs mainly in elderly and subjects with underlying disease, such as diabetes.^[1] GBS infection in elderly can manifest as any of the following:^[4]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Edwards MS, Baker CJ (2005). “Group B streptococcal infections in elderly adults”. Clin Infect Dis. 41 (6): 839–47. doi:10.1086/432804. PMID 16107984.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Verani J.R., McGee L, and Schrag S.J. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease. Revised Guidelines from CDC, 2010.CDC.gov
↑ Berardi A, Rossi C, Lugli L, Creti R, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Lanari M; et al. (2013). “Group B streptococcus late-onset disease: 2003-2010”. Pediatrics. 131 (2): e361–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1231. PMID 23296441.
↑ Farley MM (2001). “Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults”. Clin Infect Dis. 33 (4): 556–61. doi:10.1086/322696. PMID 11462195.

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[pmid16107984-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Edwards MS, Baker CJ (2005). “Group B streptococcal infections in elderly adults”. Clin Infect Dis. 41 (6): 839–47. doi:10.1086/432804. PMID 16107984.

[CDCMMWR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Verani J.R., McGee L, and Schrag S.J. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease. Revised Guidelines from CDC, 2010.CDC.gov

[pmid23296441-3] Berardi A, Rossi C, Lugli L, Creti R, Bacchi Reggiani ML, Lanari M; et al. (2013). “Group B streptococcus late-onset disease: 2003-2010”. Pediatrics. 131 (2): e361–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2012-1231. PMID 23296441.

[pmid11462195-4] Farley MM (2001). “Group B streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults”. Clin Infect Dis. 33 (4): 556–61. doi:10.1086/322696. PMID 11462195.

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