Hematemesis causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.
Overview
Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Arterial, venous, or other vascular malformations, Idiopathic angiomas, Dieulafoy’s lesion, Angiodysplasia, Aortic Coarctation, Aortoenteric fistula |
| Chemical / poisoning | Caustic ingestion |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Abciximab, Alendronate, Aspirin, Clopidogrel , Coumadin, Drotrecogin alfa, Febuxostat, Flurbiprofen, Goserelin, Heparin, Mitomycin, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, Oxaprozin, Oxcarbazepine, Potassium chloride, Pramipexole, Quinidine, Quinidine, Sargramostim, Tetracycline, Tetracycline (pill induced esophagitis), Ticlopidine, Theophylline, Zonisamide |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Portal hypertension, Esophageal varices, Gastric varices, Duodenal varices, Portal hypertensive gastropathy, Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), Pseudomembranous esophagitis, Watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia), Mallory-Weiss tear, Aortoenteric fistula, Carcinoid, Cow’s milk allergy, Dieulafoy’s lesion, Esophageal cancer, Esophageal dilatation, Esophageal melanosis, Esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori, Hemobilia, Hemosuccus pancreaticus, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Heterotopic pancreatic tissue, Intestinal duplication, Parasites, Schistosomiasis |
| Genetic | Duplication cysts, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, Intestinal duplication |
| Hematologic | Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel, Hemophilia, Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, Von Willebrand disease, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Coagulopathy, Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Drotrecogin alfa, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome |
| Iatrogenic | Radiation-induced telangiectasia, Traumatic or post-surgical, Mallory-Weiss tear, Foreign body ingestion, pill induced esophagitis, Post-surgical anastamosis
Aortoenteric fistula, Post gastric/duodenal polypectomy, Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Caustic ingestion, Esophageal dilatation, Foreign body ingestion |
| Infectious Disease | Helicobacter pylori, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Candida albicans, Parasites, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Schistosomiasis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Leiomyoma, Lipoma, Polyp (hyperplastic, adenomatous, hamartomatous),
Adenocarcinoma, Lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, Carcinoid, Melanoma, Metastatic tumor, Kasabach-Merritt syndromes, Systemic mastocytosis, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | Munchausen syndrome by proxy, Stress-induced ulcer, |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Cow’s milk allergy, Vasculitis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Heterotopic pancreatic tissue |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Abciximab
- Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN)
- Adenocarcinoma
- Alendronate induced esophagitis
- Angiodysplasia
- Angioma
- Aortic Coarctation
- Aortoenteric fistula
- Arterial, venous, or other vascular malformations
- Aspirin induced ulcers or gastritis
- Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
- Candida albicans esophagitis
- Carcinoid tumors in the stomach
- Caustic ingestion
- Clopidogrel
- Coagulopathy
- Congenital malformations
- Coumadin
- Cow’s milk allergy is a significant reason for haematemesis in newborns
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
- Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
- Dieulafoy’s lesion
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Drotrecogin alfa
- Drug-induced thrombocytopenia
- Duodenal varices
- Duplication cysts
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Esophageal cancer
- Esophageal dilatation (iatrogenic)
- Esophageal melanosis
- Esophagitis
- Flurbiprofen
- Foreign body ingestion especially in children
- Gastric varices
- Helicobacter pylorirelated gastritis or peptic ulcer disease
- Hemobilia
- Hemophilia
- Hemosuccus pancreaticus
- Heparin
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- Herpes simplex virus esophagitis
- Heterotopic pancreatic tissue
- Idiopathic
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Intestinal duplication a cause of haematemesis in children
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Kasabach-Merritt syndromes
- Leiomyoma
- Lipoma
- Lymphoma
- Mallory-Weiss syndrome
- Melanoma
- Metastatic tumor to the upper GI tract
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy a reason for recurrent haemtemesis in children
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
- Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
- Oxaprozin
- Parasites
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Pill-induced esophagitis
- Polyp (hyperplastic, adenomatous, hamartomatous, etc)
- Portal hypertension
- Portal hypertensive gastropathy
- Post gastric/duodenal polypectomy
- Post-surgical anastamosis
- Potassium chloride induced esophagitis or gastritis
- Pseudomembranous esophagitis
- Quinidine
- Radiation-induced telangiectasia
- Rift valley fever
- Sargramostim
- Schistosomiasis
- Sibutramine
- Stress-induced ulcer
- Systemic mastocytosis
- Tetracycline (pill induced esophagitis)
- Ticlopidine
- Traumatic or post-surgical
- Vasculitis
- Von Willebrand disease
- Watermelon stomach (gastric antral vascular ectasia)
- Zollinger Ellison syndrome ( diffuse upper GI ulcerations)
References
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