Hematologic disease

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Hematologic diseases are disorders which primarily affect the blood.

Classification of hematologic diseases

Hemoglobinopathies (congenital abnormality of the hemoglobin molecule or of the rate of hemoglobin synthesis)
Anemias (lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin)
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Megaloblastic anemia
  - Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
    - Pernicious anemia
  - Folate deficiency
- Hemolytic anemias (destruction of red blood cells)
  - Genetic disorders of RBC membrane
    - Hereditary spherocytosis
    - Hereditary elliptocytosis
  - Genetic disorders of RBC metabolism
    - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD)
    - Pyruvate kinase deficiency
  - Immune mediated hemolytic anaemia (direct Coombs test is positive)
    - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        Idiopathic
        
        Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
        
        Evans’ syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and haemolytic antibodies)
      - Cold antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
        Idiopathic cold hemagglutinin syndrome
        
        Infectious mononucleosis
        
        Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (rare)
    - Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
      - Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
        Rh disease (Rh D)
        
        ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Anti-Kell hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Rhesus c hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Rhesus E hemolytic disease of the newborn
        
        Other blood group incompatibility (RhC, Rhe, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
    - Drug induced immune mediated hemolytic anaemia
      - Penicillin (high dose)
      - Methyldopa
  - Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an unstable or crystalline hemoglobin)
  - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (rare acquired clonal disorder of red blood cell surface proteins)
  - Direct physical damage to RBCs
    - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
    - Secondary to artificial heart valve(s)
- Aplastic anemia
Decreased numbers of cells
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
- Neutropenia (decrease in the number of neutrophils)
- Agranulocytosis
- Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
- Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the number of platelets)
  - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  - Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased numbers of cells)
- Polycythemia vera (increase in the number of cells in general)
- Leukocytosis (increase in the number of white blood cells)
- Thrombocytosis (increase in the number of platelets)
- Myeloproliferative disorder
Hematological malignancies
- Lymphomas
  - Hodgkin’s disease
  - Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma{includes the next eight entries}
  - Burkitt’s lymphoma
  - Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
  - Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
  - Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
  - Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT)
- Myelomas
  - Multiple myeloma
  - Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Plasmacytoma
- Leukemias
  - Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL){now included in theCLL/SCLL type NHL}
  - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
  - Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
  - T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL)
  - B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL)
  - Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)
  - Hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
  - T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL)
  - Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
Coagulopathies (disorders of bleeding and coagulation)
- Thrombocytosis
- Recurrent thrombosis
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Disorders of clotting proteins
  - Hemophilia
    - Hemophilia A
    - Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease)
    - Hemophilia C
  - Von Willebrand disease
  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  - Protein S deficiency
  - Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Disorders of platelets
Miscellaneous
Hematological changes secondary to non-hematological disorders

External links

Template:Hematology Template:Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

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