Hemophilia echocardiography or ultrasound

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]

There are no echocardiography findings associated with hemophilia. Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of hemophilic arthropathy and in diagnosing massive intraabdominal bleeds. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of hemophilic arthropathy inlcude soft-tissue changes, osteo–chondral changes, joint effusion, synovial hypertrophy, hemosiderin, and osteo–chondral abnormalities.

There are no echocardiography findings associated with hemophilia.

• Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of hemophilic arthropathy and in diagnosing massive intraabdominal bleeds
• Ultrasound is highly reliable for assessing soft-tissue changes with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for specific joints given below:

• 0.98 for ankles^[1]
• 0.97 for knees

• Ultrasound is substantially to highly reliable for assessing osteo–chondral changes with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for specific joints given below:

• 0.61 for ankles^[1]
• 0.89 for knees

• It is highly sensitive (> 92%) for assessing synovial hypertrophy and hemosiderin in both ankles and knees^[1]
• It has borderline sensitivity for detecting small amounts of fluid in ankles (70%) in contrast to knees (93%)
• It has variable sensitivity for evaluating osteo–chondral abnormalities (86-100% for ankles and 12-100% for knees)

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