Hemorrhagic stroke causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Intracerebral hemorrhage
The two major causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Long-standing hypertension
- Hypertensive vasculopathy
- Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage include:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Vascular malformations
- Drugs
- Vasculitis
- Bleeding disorders
- Liver disease
- Anticoagulant medication
- Thrombolytic therapy
- Brain tumor
- Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke
- Moyamoya disease
- Tumors
- Central nervous system (CNS) infection
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Common causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage include:
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Brain tumor
- Drugs– Pergolide, Sumatriptan
- Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD)
- Hemorrhagic diathesis
- Infections
- Leukemia
- Mycotic aneurysm
- Other aneurysms
- Connective tissue diseases
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Ruptured intracerebral aneurysm
Common locations based on casualty
| Cause | Common Location |
|---|---|
| Hypertensive hemorrhage |
|
| Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) | |
| Transformation of prior ischemic infarction |
|
| Aneurysm | |
| Drug |
|
| Coagulopathy[6] |
|
| Metastatic brain tumor |
|
| Amyloid angiopathy |
|
| Cavernous angioma |
|
| Head trauma |
|
| Capillary telangiectasias | |
| Dural arteriovenous fistula |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Meretoja A, Strbian D, Putaala J, Curtze S, Haapaniemi E, Mustanoja S; et al. (2012). “SMASH-U: a proposal for etiologic classification of intracerebral hemorrhage”. Stroke. 43 (10): 2592–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.661603. PMID 22858729.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hart, Robert G., Bradley S. Boop, and David C. Anderson. “Oral anticoagulants and intracranial hemorrhage facts and hypotheses.” Stroke 26.8 (1995): 1471-1477.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Knudsen, Katherine A., et al. “Clinical diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: validation of the Boston criteria.” Neurology 56.4 (2001): 537-539.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lovelock, C. E., A. J. Molyneux, and P. M. Rothwell. “Change in incidence and aetiology of intracerebral haemorrhage in Oxfordshire, UK, between 1981 and 2006: a population-based study.” The Lancet Neurology 6.6 (2007): 487-493.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rümke CL (1975). “Letter: Implications of the statement: No side effects were observed”. N Engl J Med. 292 (7): 372–3. PMID 1117973.
- ↑ Uglietta JP, O’Connor CM, Boyko OB, Aldrich H, Massey EW, Heinz ER (1991). “CT patterns of intracranial hemorrhage complicating thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction”. Radiology. 181 (2): 555–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.181.2.1924804. PMID 1924804.
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