Hemorrhoids risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of hemorrhoids are excessive straining, sitting or standing for long periods of time, pregnancy, and chronic constipation.

Risk Factors

Risk factors of hemorrhoids include:

Aging
Anal intercourse
Chronic constipation^[1]
- Straining during defecation^[2]
- Incomplete emptying of bowel during defecation^[2]
- Hard stools^[2]
Cirrhosis^[3]
- Hemorrhoids may be confused with Anorectal Varices
- Hemorrhoids are more commonly seen in Cirrhosis with Portal Hypertension than Cirrhosis without Portal Hypertension
Diarrhea^[4]
- History of Colitis^[5]
- History of Intestinal Malabsorption^[5]
- Patient had previously undergone Intestinal Bypass^[5]
High-fat, low-fiber diet
Obesity
Pregnancy^[6]
- Previous history of hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissures and constipation in pregnant female
- Straining during delivery for more than 20 minutes
- Newborn weighs more than 3800g at birth
- Hemorrhoids are most common in the third trimester of the pregnancy

References

↑ Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, Mittlböck M, Stift A. Haemorrhoids, constipation and faecal incontinence: is there any relationship? Colorectal Dis. 2011;13(8):e227-e233. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02632.x
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Peery AF, Sandler RS, Galanko JA, et al. Risk Factors for hemorrhoids on screening colonoscopy PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0139100. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139100
↑ Hosking SW, Smart HL, Johnson AG, Triger DR. Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. Lancet. 1989;1(8634) 349-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91774-8
↑ Johansen JF, Sonnenberg A. Constipation is not a risk factor for Hemorrhoids: a case-control study of potential etiologic agents Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89(11):1981-1986
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Delò F. Sonnenberg A. Associations between hemorrhoids and other diagnoses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41(12):1534-1541. doi:10.1007/BF02237302
↑ Poskus T, Buzinskiené D, Drasutiene G, et al. Haemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2014;121(13):1666-1671. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12838

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[1] Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, Mittlböck M, Stift A. Haemorrhoids, constipation and faecal incontinence: is there any relationship? Colorectal Dis. 2011;13(8):e227-e233. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02632.x

[:0-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Peery AF, Sandler RS, Galanko JA, et al. Risk Factors for hemorrhoids on screening colonoscopy PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0139100. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0139100

[3] Hosking SW, Smart HL, Johnson AG, Triger DR. Anorectal varices, haemorrhoids, and portal hypertension. Lancet. 1989;1(8634) 349-352. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91774-8

[4] Johansen JF, Sonnenberg A. Constipation is not a risk factor for Hemorrhoids: a case-control study of potential etiologic agents Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89(11):1981-1986

[:1-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Delò F. Sonnenberg A. Associations between hemorrhoids and other diagnoses. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41(12):1534-1541. doi:10.1007/BF02237302

[6] Poskus T, Buzinskiené D, Drasutiene G, et al. Haemorrhoids and anal fissures during pregnancy and after childbirth: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2014;121(13):1666-1671. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12838

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