Hepatorenal syndrome risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]

Overview

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) develops on the background of advanced liver disease. HRS may occur spontaneously mostly in type 2 HRS and may be precipitated in >70% of cases of type 1 HRS.

Risk Factors

HRS may occur spontaneously mostly in type 2 HRS and may be precipitated in >70% of cases of type 1 HRS.^[1]

Risk factors include:

Blood pressure that falls when a person rises or suddenly changes position (orthostatic hypotension),
Use of medicines called diuretics (“water pill“),
Gastrointestinal bleeding,
Infection,
Large volume abdominal fluid tap (paracentesis), ^[2]
Fulminant hepatic failure,
Severe acute alcohol-related hepatitis,
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), ^[3]
Oxidative stress,
Fluid loss.

References

↑ Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N, Gonwa TA (2006). “Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1 (5): 1066–79. doi:10.2215/CJN.01340406. PMID 17699328.
↑ Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N, Gonwa TA (2006). “Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1 (5): 1066–79. doi:10.2215/CJN.01340406. PMID 17699328.
↑ Follo A, Llovet JM, Navasa M, Planas R, Forns X, Francitorra A; et al. (1994). “Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis”. Hepatology. 20 (6): 1495–501. PMID 7982650.

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[pmid17699328-1] Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N, Gonwa TA (2006). “Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1 (5): 1066–79. doi:10.2215/CJN.01340406. PMID 17699328.

[pmid176993282-2] Wadei HM, Mai ML, Ahsan N, Gonwa TA (2006). “Hepatorenal syndrome: pathophysiology and management”. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 1 (5): 1066–79. doi:10.2215/CJN.01340406. PMID 17699328.

[pmid79826502-3] Follo A, Llovet JM, Navasa M, Planas R, Forns X, Francitorra A; et al. (1994). “Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis”. Hepatology. 20 (6): 1495–501. PMID 7982650.

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