Horseshoe kidney history and symptoms

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

The majority of patients with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic. The most common symptoms of horseshoe kidney include abdominal or flank pain, abdominal mass, hematuria and pyuria.

• The majority of patients with horseshoe are asymptomatic.

Patients with horseshoe may have a positive history of:

• Renal stones due to obstruction, urinary stasis and infection or due to some metabolic abnormalities like hypercalcuria and hypocitraturia^[1][2]
• Recurrent urinary tract infection due to increased urinary stasis
• Hydronephrosis due to urinary tract obstruction

Common symptoms of horseshoe include:

• Abdominal pain or flank pain
• Abdominal mass due to hydronephrosis
• Hematuria
• Pyuria

Less common symptoms of horseshoe kidney include:

• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increased urinary frequency
• Poor weight gain
• Cloudy urine

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