Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2] Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[3]

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a condition that is most often passed down through families (inherited). It is thought to result from gene mutations that control heart muscle growth. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include MYH7, TNNT2, TPM1. Nevertheless, a number of chronic medical conditions might be contributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy development, among them are thyroid disease, diabetes, and obesity, and hypertension.

Life-threatening causes include conditions that may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

• Familial
• Gene mutation
• Hypertension
• Thyroid disease
• Diabetes
• Obesity

• Aging
• Atrial myxoma^[1]
• Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
• Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2
• Costello syndrome ^[2]
• Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
• Diabetes mellitus
• Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency
• Fabry’s disease^[3]
• Familial
• Friedreich’s ataxia^[4]
• Gene mutation
• Glycogenosis type 2
• Hereditary spherocytosis
• Hypertension
• Hypertrichotic osteochondrodysplasia
• Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
• Idiopathic
• Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
• Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency
• MELAS
• Multiple lentigines syndrome
• Muscle glycogen synthase deficiency
• Myotonic dystrophy^[5]
• Noonan syndrome^[6]
• Sarcomeric protein mutations
• Subendocardial ischemia
• Thyroid disease
• Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency^[7]
• Yunis-Varon syndrome

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern.

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include:

• MYH7
• TNNT2
• TPM1

The development of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:

• Beta-myosin heavy chain
• Myosin binding protein C
• Cardiac troponin T

HCM is the most common genetically transmitted cardiovascular disease. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is attributed to mutations in one of a number of genes that encode for one of the sarcomere proteins.  Penetrance of HCM is incomplete, variable and time or age-related. The disease may be sporadic but affected family members are discovered in 13% of cases. More than 200 mutations involving at least 10 chromosomes encoding structural proteins of the myocyte have been discovered. These mutations have varying degrees of penetrance and even the same mutation may have variable expression, implying the superimposed effects of other genes or environmental influences. Children of a patient with HCM have a 50% chance of inheriting the trait.

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