Hypopharyngeal cancer causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

There are no direct causes for hypopharngeal cancer. However, there are some common risk factors that may lead to gene mutations and cause the hypopharyngeal cancer.

Causes

There are no established direct causes for hypopharngeal cancer. Common risk factors for hypopharyngeal cancer can be found here.^[1]

References

↑ What are the risk factors for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers?. Cancer.org. Accessed on October 13, 2015. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/laryngealandhypopharyngealcancer/overviewguide/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer-overview-what-causes

[aaa-1] What are the risk factors for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers?. Cancer.org. Accessed on October 13, 2015. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/laryngealandhypopharyngealcancer/overviewguide/laryngeal-and-hypopharyngeal-cancer-overview-what-causes

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