Langerhans cell histiocytosis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that tends to affect children and adolescents. The median age at diagnosis depends on the specific subtype of the disease. The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is approximately 0.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States. Males are more commonly affected with Langerhans cell histiocytosis than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis usually affects Caucasian and Hispanic individuals. African American individuals are less likely to develop Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease that tends to affect children and adolescents.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

• The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis is approximately 0.5 per 100,000 individuals in the United States.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis commonly affects individuals younger than 15 years of age.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
• The median age at diagnosis depends on the specific subtype of the disease, such as:

• Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is usually first diagnosed among adults.
• Unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis and multifocal unisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis are usually first diagnosed among individuals of 2-10 years of age.
• Multifocal multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis is usually first diagnosed among individuals younger than 2 years of age.

• Males are more commonly affected with Langerhans cell histiocytosis than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

• Langerhans cell histiocytosis usually affects Caucasian and Hispanic individuals. African American individuals are less likely to develop Langerhans cell histiocytosis.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

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