List of human blood components
Template:WikiDoc Cardiology News Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
List of human blood components and their concentrations
| Compound | Comments | In whole blood (g/cm³) | In plasma or serum (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 Template:E | 4-43 Template:E |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | – | 3-20 Template:E |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter | – | 6.6-8.2 Template:E |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | – | – |
| ” | total | 3.1-5.7 Template:E | – |
| ” | phosphorus | 5-10 Template:E | – |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | – | 2.5-12 Template:E |
| ” | @ 6AM, mean | – | 5.5 Template:E |
| ” | @ 6AM, maximum | – | 12 Template:E |
| ” | @ 6PM, mean | – | 3.5 Template:E |
| ” | @ 6PM, maximum | – | <7.5 Template:E |
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 Template:E | 2.4-7.6 Template:E |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | – | 3.5-5.2 Template:E |
| Aluminum | – | 1-40 Template:E | 1-88 Template:E |
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | – | – |
| ” | supine | – | 3-10 Template:E |
| ” | standing, male | – | 6-22 Template:E |
| ” | standing, female | – | 5-30 Template:E |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | – | – |
| ” | total | 3.8-5.3 Template:E | – |
| ” | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 Template:E | 3.0-5.5 Template:E |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | – | 1-2 Template:E | 1-2 Template:E |
| d-Aminolevulinic acid | – | – | 1.5-2.3 Template:E |
| Ammonia nitrogen | – | 1-2 Template:E | 1.0-4.9 Template:E |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 5.6-10.9 Template:E |
| ” | female | – | 3.6-8.9 Template:E |
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | – | |
| ” | male >18 yrs | – | 2-30 Template:E |
| ” | female >18 yrs | – | 8-30 Template:E |
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | – | 1.5 Template:E |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | – | 1.1-8.8 Template:E |
| Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | – | 1.2-3.6 Template:E |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | – | 7.8-20 Template:E |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 Template:E | 1.3-3.6 Template:E |
| Arsenic | – | – | – |
| ” | normal range | 2-62 Template:E | – |
| ” | chronic poisoning | 100-500 Template:E | – |
| ” | acute poisoning | 600-9300 Template:E | – |
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 Template:E | 6-20 Template:E |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | – | 0-3 Template:E |
| Aspartic acid (in WBCs) | – | 2.5-4.0 Template:E | 9-12 Template:E |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | – | 5-5.7 × 10-4 |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 × 10-6 | 3-30 × 10-6 |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 × 10-6 | 1-10 × 10-6 |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis,metabolize leucine,fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 × 10-9 | 9-16 × 10-9 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | – | – | 8-23 × 10-5 |
| Bradykinin | – | – | 7 × 10-11 |
| Bromide | – | – | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Cadmium | – | – | – |
| ” | normal | 1-5 × 10-9 | – |
| ” | toxic | 0.1-3 × 10-6 | – |
| Calciferol (Vitamin D2) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | – | 1.7-4.1 × 10-8 |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | – | <1.0 × 10-10 |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca2+ | – | – |
| ” | ionized | 4.48-4.92 × 10-5 | 4.25-5.25 × 10-5 |
| ” | total | – | 8.4-11.5 × 10-5 |
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | – | – |
| ” | arterial | 8.8-10.8 × 10-4 | 3.0-7.9 × 10-5 |
| ” | venous | 9.8-11.8 × 10-4 | 3.3-8.3 × 10-5 |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | – | – | – |
| ” | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | – |
| ” | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | – |
| ” | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | – |
| ” | toxic | >20% total Hb | – |
| ” | lethal | >50% total Hb | – |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | – | – | <2.5 × 10-9 |
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | – | 3-25 × 10-7 |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 × 10-7 | – |
| Cephalin | – | 3-11.5 × 10-4 | 0-1 × 10-4 |
| Ceruloplasmin | – | – | 1.5-6 × 10-4 |
| Chloride, as NaCl | – | 4.5-5 × 10-3 | 3.5-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | – | – | – |
| ” | 1, 25-dihydroxy | – | 2.5-4.5 × 10-11 |
| ” | 24,25-dihydroxy | – | 1.5 × 10-9 |
| ” | 25-hydroxy | – | 1.4-8 × 10-8 |
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | – | 6.04 × 10-11 |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | – | – |
| ” | LDLC | – | 0.5-2.0 × 10-3 |
| ” | HDLC | – | 2.9-9.0 × 10-4 |
| ” | total | 1.15-2.25 × 10-3 | 1.2-2 × 10-3 |
| Choline, total | – | 1.1-3.1 × 10-4 | 3.6-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | – | – |
| ” | Menstrual | – | 0-3 × 10-11 |
| ” | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | – | 5-3300 × 10-10 |
| ” | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | – | 20-1000 × 10-10 |
| ” | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | – | 20-50 × 10-10 |
| ” | Menopausal | – | 3-30 × 10-11 |
| Citric acid | – | 1.3-2.5 × 10-5 | 1.6-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Citrulline | – | – | 2-10 × 10-6 |
| Coagulation Factors | – | – | – |
| ” | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 × 10-3 | 2-4 × 10-3 |
| ” | Prothrombin | – | 1 × 10-4 |
| ” | Tissue thromboplastin | – | 1 × 10-6 |
| ” | Proaccelerin | – | 5-12 × 10-6 |
| ” | Proconvertin | – | 1 × 10-6 |
| ” | Antihemophilic factor | – | 1 × 10-7 |
| ” | Christmas factor | – | 4 × 10-6 |
| ” | Stuart factor | – | 5 × 10-6 |
| ” | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | – | 4 × 10-6 |
| ” | Hageman factor | – | 2.9 × 10-5 |
| ” | Fibrin stabilizing factor | – | 1 × 10-5 |
| ” | Fibrin split products | – | <1 × 10-5 |
| ” | Fletcher factor | – | 5 × 10-5 |
| ” | Fitzgerald factor | – | 7 × 10-5 |
| ” | von Willebrand factor | – | 7 × 10-6 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 × 10-10 | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Cocarboxylase | – | – | 7-9 × 10-8 |
| Complement system | – | – | – |
| ” | C1q | – | 5.8-7.2 × 10-5 |
| ” | C1r | – | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| ” | C1s (C1 esterase) | – | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| ” | C2 | – | 2.2-3.4 × 10-5 |
| ” | C3( b1C-globulin) | – | 8-15.5 × 10-4 |
| ” | Factor B (C3 proactivator) | – | 2-4.5 × 10-4 |
| ” | C4 (b1E-globulin) | – | 1.3-3.7 × 10-4 |
| ” | C4 binding protein | – | 1.8-3.2 × 10-4 |
| ” | C5 (b1F-globulin) | – | 5.1-7.7 × 10-5 |
| ” | C6 | – | 4.8-6.4 × 10-5 |
| ” | C7 | – | 4.9-7 × 10-5 |
| ” | C8 | – | 4.3-6.3 × 10-5 |
| ” | C9 | – | 4.7-6.9 × 10-5 |
| ” | Properdin | – | 2.4-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Compound S | – | – | 1-3 × 10-9 |
| Copper | – | 9-15 × 10-7 | – |
| ” | male | – | 7-14 × 10-7 |
| ” | female | – | 8-15.5 × 10-7 |
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | – | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| Corticosterone | – | – | 4-20 × 10-9 |
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | – | 3-23 × 10-8 |
| ” | 8 AM | – | 6-23 × 10-8 |
| ” | 4 PM | – | 3-15 × 10-8 |
| ” | 10 PM | – | ~50% of 8 AM value |
| C-peptide | – | – | – |
| ” | fasting | – | 0.5-2.0 × 10-9 |
| ” | maximum | – | 4 × 10-9 |
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | – | 6.8-820 × 10-8 |
| Creatine | Assists mucle cell energy supply | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 1.7-5.0 × 10-6 |
| ” | female | – | 3.5-9.3 × 10-6 |
| Creatinine | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 0.8-1.5 × 10-5 |
| ” | female | – | 0.7-1.2 × 10-5 |
| Cyanide | – | – | – |
| ” | nonsmokers | – | 4 × 10-9 |
| ” | smokers | – | 6 × 10-9 |
| ” | nitroprusside therapy | – | 10-60 × 10-9 |
| ” | toxic | – | >100 × 10-9 |
| ” | lethal | – | >1000 × 10-9 |
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 × 10-6 | 1.8-5 × 10-5 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | – | – |
| ” | aged 1-4 yrs | – | 0.2-0.4 × 10-9 |
| ” | aged 4-8 yrs | – | 0.1-1.9 × 10-9 |
| ” | aged 8-10 yrs | – | 0.2-2.9 × 10-9 |
| ” | aged 10-12 yrs | – | 0.5-9.2 × 10-9 |
| ” | aged 12-14 yrs | – | 0.9-20 × 10-9 |
| ” | aged 14-16 yrs | – | 2.5-20 × 10-9 |
| ” | male | – | 0.8-10 × 10-9 |
| ” | female, premenopausal | – | 2.0-15 × 10-9 |
| DHEA sulfate | male | – | 1.99-3.34 × 10-6 |
| DHEA sulfate | female | – | – |
| ” | newborn | – | 1.67-3.64 × 10-6 |
| ” | pre-pubertal children | – | 1.0-6.0 × 10-7 |
| ” | premenopausal | – | 8.2-33.8 × 10-7 |
| ” | pregnancy | – | 2.3-11.7 × 10-7 |
| ” | postmenopausal | – | 1.1-6.1 × 10-7 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | – | – | 1-7 × 10-8 |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 3-8 × 10-9 |
| ” | female | – | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | – | 8-16 × 10-5 | – |
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | – | 0-1.6 × 10-5 |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | – | <1.36 × 10-10 |
| Enzymes, total | – | – | <6 × 10-5 |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | – | – | <1 × 10-11 |
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter | – | – |
| ” | after 15 min rest | – | 3.1-9.5 × 10-11 |
| ” | when emitted | 3.8 × 10-9 | 2-2.5 × 10-9 |
| Ergothioneine | – | 1-20 × 10-5 | – |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm³) | – | – | – |
| ” | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) × 109 | |
| ” | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) × 109 | |
| ” | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 × 109 | |
| ” | reticulocytes | 25-75 × 106 | |
| Erythropoietin | – | – | – |
| ” | adult, normal | – | 0.5-2.5 × 10-10 |
| ” | pregnant | – | 2.7-6.2 × 10-10 |
| ” | hypoxia or anemia | – | 0.8-8.0 × 10-8 |
| Estradiol (E2) | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 8-36 × 10-12 |
| ” | female, follicular(days 1-10) | – | 1-9 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, mean | – | 5 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | – | 10-15 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, fertile (days 12-14) | – | 35-60 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, luteal (days 15-28) | – | 20-40 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, pregnancy | – | 3-70 × 10-7 |
| ” | female, postmenopausal | – | 1-3 × 10-11 |
| Estriol (E3) | – | – | – |
| ” | nonpregnant | – | <2 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | – | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | – | 6-11 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | – | 25-170 × 10-9 |
| Estrogen | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 4-11.5 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, prepubertal | – | <4 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 1-10 days | – | 6.1-39.4 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 11-20 days | – | 12.2-43.7 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 21-30 days | – | 15.6-35 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, postmenopausal | – | <4 × 10-11 |
| Estrone (E1) | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 2.9-17 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, follicular | – | 2-15 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 1-10 days of cycle | – | 4.3-18 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 11-20 days of cycle | – | 7.5-19.6 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, 20-29 days of cycle | – | 13.1-20.1 × 10-11 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | – | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | – | 5-6 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | – | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Ethanol | – | – | – |
| ” | social high | – | 0.5 × 10-3 |
| ” | reduced coordination | – | 0.8 × 10-3 |
| ” | depression of CNS | – | >1 × 10-3 |
| ” | confusion, falling down | – | 2.0 × 10-3 |
| ” | loss of consciousness | – | 3.0 × 10-3 |
| ” | coma, death | – | >4 × 10-3 |
| Fat, neutral | see Triglycerides | – | – |
| Fatty acids, nonesterified (free) | – | 8-25 × 10-5 | |
| Fatty acids, esterified | – | 2.5-3.9 × 10-3 | 7-20 × 10-5 |
| Fatty acids, total | – | – | 1.9-4.5 × 10-3 |
| Ferritin | – | ||
| ” | male | – | 1.5-30 × 10-8 |
| ” | female | – | 0.9-18 × 10-8 |
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | – | – | 0-2 × 10-8 |
| Flavine adenine dinucleotide | – | – | 8-12 × 10-8 |
| Fluoride | – | 1-4.5 × 10-7 | 1-4.5 × 10-7 |
| Folate | – | – | 2.2-17.3 × 10-9 |
| ” | in erythrocyte | – | 1.67-7.07 × 10-7 |
| Folic acid | 2.3-5.2 × 10-8 | 1.6-2 × 10-8 | |
| Fructose | 0-5 × 10-5 | 7-8 × 10-5 | |
| Furosemide glucuronide | – | 1-400 × 10-6 | |
| Galactose (children) | – | <2 × 10-4 | |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | – | <1.25-4.0 × 10-10 | |
| Gastrin | – | ||
| ” | mean | – | 7 × 10-11 |
| ” | maximum | – | <20 × 10-11 |
| Globulin, | – | – | total 2.2-4 × 10-2 |
| alpha-1-Globulin | – | 1-4 × 10-3 | |
| alpha-2-Globulin | – | 4-10 × 10-3 | |
| beta-Globulin | – | 5-12 × 10-3 | |
| gamma-Globulin | – | 6-17 × 10-3 | |
| Glucagon | – | ||
| ” | range | – | 5-15 × 10-11 |
| ” | mean | – | 7.1-7.9 × 10-11 |
| Glucosamine | – | – | – |
| ” | fetus | 4-6 × 10-4 | 4.2-5.5 × 10-4 |
| ” | child | 5-7 × 10-4 | 5.2-6.9 × 10-4 |
| ” | adult | 6-8 × 10-4 | 6.1-8.2 × 10-4 |
| ” | aged | 7-9 × 10-4 | 7.0-8.9 × 10-4 |
| Glucose | – | ||
| ” | newborn | 2-3 × 10-4 | – |
| ” | adult | 6.5-9.5 × 10-4 | 7-10.5 × 10-4 |
| ” | diabetic | 14-120 × 10-4 | – |
| Glucuronic acid | 4.1-9.3 × 10-5 | 8-11 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamic acid | – | 2-28 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamine | – | 4.6-10.6 × 10-5 | |
| Glutathione, reduced | 2.5-4.1 × 10-4 | 0 | |
| Glycerol, free | – | 2.9-17.2 × 10-6 | |
| Glycine | 1.7-2.3 × 10-5 | 8-54 × 10-6 | |
| Glycogen | 1.2-16.2 × 10-5 | 0 | |
| Glycoprotein, acid | – | 4-15 × 10-4 | |
| cGMP | – | 0.6-4.4 × 10-9 | |
| Gonadotropic releasing hormone | – | 1-80 × 10-12 | |
| Guanidine | 1.8-2.3 × 10-6 | – | |
| Haptoglobin | – | 3-22 × 10-4 | |
| Hemoglobin | 1.2-1.75 × 10-1 | 1-4 × 10-5 | |
| ” | newborn | 1.65-1.95 × 10-1 | – |
| ” | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 × 10-1 | – |
| ” | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 × 10-1 | – |
| ” | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 × 10-1 | – |
| ” | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 × 10-1 | – |
| ” | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | – |
| Hexosephosphate P | 1.4-5 × 10-5 | 0-2 × 10-6 | |
| Histamine | 6.7-8.6 × 10-8 | – | |
| Histidine | 9-17 × 10-6 | 1.1-3.8 × 10-5 | |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | 4 × 10-11 | – | |
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1-6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 | |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids | 4-10 × 10-8 | – | |
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 20-250 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, follicular | – | 20-80 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, luteal | – | 80-300 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, postmenopausal | – | 4-50 × 10-11 |
| ” | female, child | – | 20-140 × 10-11 |
| Antibodies | – | – | – |
| ” | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | – | 5-39 × 10-4 |
| ” | Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | – | 0.5-8.0 × 10-5 |
| ” | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | – | 5.0-19 × 10-3 |
| ” | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | – | 3.0-30 × 10-4 |
| ” | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | – | <5 × 10-7 |
| Indican | – | – | 8-50 × 10-7 |
| Inositol | – | – | 3-7 × 10-6 |
| Insulin | – | – | 2.0-8.4 × 10-10 |
| Insulin-like growth factor | – | – | 9.9-50 × 10-8 |
| Iodine, total | – | 2.4-3.2 × 10-8 | 4.5-14.5 × 10-8 |
| Iron, adult | – | 4-6 × 10-4 | 6-18 × 10-7 |
| Isoleucine | – | 9-15 × 10-6 | 1.2-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Ketone bodies | – | 2.3-10 × 10-6 | 1.5-30 × 10-6 |
| alpha-Ketonic acids, adult | – | 1-30 × 10-6 | – |
| L-Lactate | – | – | – |
| ” | arterial | <11.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-14.4 × 10-5 |
| ” | venous | 8.1-15.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-19.8 × 10-5 |
| Lead | – | – | – |
| ” | normal | 1-5 × 10-7 | 1-7.8 × 10-8 |
| ” | toxic | >6-10 × 10-7 | – |
| Lecithin | – | 1.1-1.2 × 10-3 | 1-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Leptin | – | 1.2 × 10-8 | – |
| Leucine | – | 1.4-2 × 10-5 | 1.2-5.2 × 10-5 |
| Leukocytes (#/cm³) Total: | – | – | – |
| ” | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 × 106 | – |
| ” | total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | total, adult, median | 7.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | – |
| ” | Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 × 106 | – |
| ” | Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 × 106 | – |
| ” | Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 × 106 | – |
| ” | Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 × 106 | – |
| ” | Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 × 106 | – |
| ” | Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 × 106 | – |
| ” | Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 × 106 | – |
| ” | Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 × 106 | – |
| ” | Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 × 106 | – |
| ” | Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 × 106 | – |
| ” | Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 × 106 | – |
| ” | Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 × 106 | – |
| ” | Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 × 106 | – |
| ” | Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 × 106 | – |
| ” | Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 × 106 | – |
| ” | Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 × 106 | – |
| ” | Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 × 106 | – |
| Lipase P | – | 1.2-1.4 × 10-4 | – |
| Lipids, total | – | 4.45-6.1 × 10-3 | 4-8.5 × 10-3 |
| Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | – | – | 1-10 × 10-4 |
| Lithium | – | 1.5-2.5 × 10-8 | – |
| Lysine | – | 1.3-3 × 10-5 | 2-5.8 × 10-5 |
| Lysozyme (muramidase) | – | – | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | – | – | – |
| ” | pediatric | – | 2-7 × 10-3 |
| ” | male, adult | – | 0.9-4.0 × 10-3 |
| ” | female, adult | – | 1.2-5.4 × 10-3 |
| Magnesium | – | 3.2-5.5 × 10-5 | 1.8-3.6 × 10-5 |
| Malic acid | – | 4.6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 |
| Manganese | – | 0-2.5 × 10-7 | 0-1.9 × 10-7 |
| Melatonin | – | – | – |
| ” | Day | – | 1.35-1.45 × 10-11 |
| ” | Night | – | 6.07-7.13 × 10-11 |
| Mercury | – | – | – |
| ” | normal | <1 × 10-8 | – |
| ” | chronic | >20 × 10-8 | – |
| Methemoglobin | – | 4-6 × 10-4 | – |
| Methionine | – | 4-6 × 10-6 | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| Methyl guanidine | – | 2-3 × 10-6 | – |
| beta-2-microglobulin | – | – | 8-24 × 10-7 |
| MIP-1a | – | – | 2.3 × 10-11 |
| MIP-1b | – | – | 9 × 10-11 |
| Mucopolysaccharides | – | – | 1.75-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Mucoproteins | – | – | 8.65-9.6 × 10-4 |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) | – | – | 6-10 × 10-9 |
| Niacin | – | 5-8 × 10-6 | 2-15 × 10-7 |
| Nitrogen | – | – | – |
| ” | respiratory gas | 8.2 × 10-6 | 9.7 × 10-6 |
| ” | total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 × 10-2 | – |
| Norepinephrine | – | – | – |
| ” | after 15 min rest | – | 2.15-4.75 × 10-10 |
| ” | when emitted | 8.1 × 10-9 | 8.5 × 10-9 |
| Nucleotide, total | – | 3.1-5.2 × 10-4 | – |
| Ornithine | – | – | 4-14 × 10-6 |
| Oxalate | – | – | 1-2.4 × 10-6 |
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | – | – | – |
| ” | arterial | 2.4-3.2 × 10-4 | 3.9 × 10-6 |
| ” | venous | 1.6-2.3 × 10-4 | 1.6 × 10-6 |
| Oxytocin | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 2 × 10-12 |
| ” | female, nonlactating | – | 2 × 10-12 |
| ” | female, pregnant 33-40 wks | – | 32-48 × 10-12 |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | – | – | 5-20 × 10-11 |
| Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) | – | 1.5-4.5 × 10-7 | 6-35 × 10-8 |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | – | 3-4 × 10-8 | – |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | – | – | 2-4 × 10-10 |
| Pentose, phosphorated | – | – | 2-2.3 × 10-5 |
| Phenol, free | – | 7-10 × 10-7 | – |
| Phenylalanine | – | 8-12 × 10-6 | 1.1-4 × 10-5 |
| Phospholipid | – | 2.25-2.85 × 10-3 | 5-12 × 10-5 |
| Phosphatase, acid, prostatic | – | – | <3 × 10-9 |
| Phosphorus | – | – | – |
| ” | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 × 10-5 | 2.3-4.5 × 10-5 |
| ” | inorganic, children | – | 4.0-7.0 × 10-5 |
| ” | total | 3.5-4.3 × 10-4 | 1-1.5 × 10-4 |
| Phytanic acid | – | – | <3 × 10-6 |
| Platelets (#/cm³): | – | – | – |
| ” | range | 1.4-4.4 × 108 | – |
| ” | median | 2.5 × 108 | – |
| Platelet Derived Growth Factor | – | – | 5.0 × 10-8 |
| Polysaccharides, total | – | – | 7.3-13.1 × 10-4 |
| Potassium | – | 1.6-2.4 × 10-3 | 1.4-2.2 × 10-4 |
| Pregnenolone | – | – | 3-20 × 10-10 |
| Progesterone (male) | – | – | 12-20 × 10-11 |
| Progesterone (female) | – | – | – |
| ” | follicular | – | 0.4-0.9 × 10-9 |
| ” | midluteal | – | 7.7-12.1 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | – | 30-66 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | – | 70-126 × 10-9 |
| ” | pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | – | 131-227 × 10-9 |
| Proinsulin | – | – | – |
| ” | fasting | – | 0.5-5 × 10-10 |
| ” | mean | – | 1.42-1.70 × 10-10 |
| Prolactin (male) <20 × 10-9 | – | – | – |
| ” | while awake | – | 1-7 × 10-9 |
| ” | during sleep | – | 9-20 × 10-9 |
| Prolactin (female) | – | – | – |
| ” | follicular | – | <23 × 10-9 |
| ” | luteal | – | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| Proline | – | – | 1.2-5.7 × 10-5 |
| Prostaglandins | – | – | – |
| ” | PGE | – | 3.55-4.15 × 10-10 |
| ” | PGF | – | 1.26-1.56 × 10-10 |
| ” | 15-keto-PGF2a | – | 5 × 10-10 |
| ” | 15-keto-PGE2 | – | <5 × 10-11 |
| Protein, total | – | 1.9-2.1 × 10-1 | 6.0-8.3 × 10-2 |
| Protoporphyrin | – | 2.7-6.1 × 10-7 | – |
| Prostate specific antigen | – | 0-5 × 10-9 | – |
| Pseudoglobulin I | – | – | 8-19 × 10-3 |
| Pseudoglobulin II | – | – | 2-8 × 10-3 |
| Purine, total | – | 9.5-11.5 × 10-5 | – |
| Pyrimidine nucleotide | – | 2.6-4.6 × 10-5 | 2-12 × 10-7 |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | – | – | 3.6-90 × 10-9 |
| Pyruvic acid | – | 3-10 × 10-6 | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| RANTES | – | – | 7 × 10-11 |
| Relaxin | – | – | – |
| ” | day <100 preparturition | – | <2 × 10-9 |
| ” | day 100 to 2 days preceding | – | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| ” | day preceding parturition | – | 100-200 × 10-9 |
| ” | day following parturition | – | <2 × 10-9 |
| Retinol (Vitamin A) | – | – | 1-8 × 10-7 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | – | 1.5-6 × 10-7 | 2.6-3.7 × 10-8 |
| RNA | – | 5-8 × 10-4 | 4-6 × 10-5 |
| Secretin | – | – | 2.9-4.5 × 10-11 |
| Serine | – | – | 3-20 × 10-6 |
| Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | – | 1.55-1.81 × 10-77 | 0.8-2.1 × 10-7 |
| Silicon | – | 1.4-2.95 × 10-6 | 2.2-5.7 × 10-6 |
| Sodium | – | – | 3.1-3.4 × 10-3 |
| Solids, total | – | 2-2.5 × 10-1 | 8-9 × 10-2 |
| Somatotropin (growth hormone) | – | – | 4-140 × 10-10 |
| Sphingomyelin | – | 1.5-1.85 × 10-3 | 1-4 × 10-4 |
| Succinic acid | – | – | 5 × 10-6 |
| Sugar, total | – | 7-11 × 10-4 | – |
| Sulfates, inorganic | – | – | 8-12 × 10-6 |
| Sulfur, total | – | 3.8-5 × 10-2 | 3.1-3.8 × 10-2 |
| Taurine | – | – | 3-21 × 10-6 |
| Testosterone (male) | – | – | – |
| ” | free | – | 5.6-10.2 × 10-11 |
| ” | total | – | 275-875 × 10-11 |
| Testosterone (female) | – | – | – |
| ” | free | – | 0.24-0.38 × 10-11 |
| ” | total | – | 23-75 × 10-11 |
| ” | pregnant | – | 38-190 × 10-11 |
| Thiamine (Vitamin B1) | – | 3-10 × 10-8 | 1-9 × 10-8 |
| Thiocyanate | – | 5-14 × 10-6 | – |
| ” | nonsmoker | – | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| ” | smoker | – | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| Threonine | – | 1.3-2 × 10-5 | 0.9-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Thyroglobulin (Tg) | – | – | <5 × 10-8 |
| Thyroid hormones | – | – | 4-8 × 10-8 |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | – | – | 5-60 × 10-12 |
| Thyroxine (FT4) | – | – | – |
| ” | free | – | 8-24 × 10-12 |
| ” | total | – | 4-12 × 10-8 |
| Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | – | – | 2.8-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Thyroxine-binding globulin | – | – | 1.0-3.4 × 10-7 |
| Tin | – | 0-4 × 10-7 | 0-1 × 10-7 |
| alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | – | – | 5-20 × 10-6 |
| Transcortin | – | – | – |
| ” | male | – | 1.5-2 × 10-5 |
| ” | female | – | 1.6-2.5 × 10-5 |
| Transferrin | – | – | – |
| ” | newborn | – | 1.3-2.75 × 10-3 |
| ” | adult | – | 2.2-4 × 10-3 |
| ” | age >60 yrs | – | 1.8-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Triglycerides | – | 8.5-23.5 × 10-4 | 2.5-30 × 10-4 |
| Triiodothyronine | – | – | – |
| ” | free | – | 2.3-6.6 × 10-12 |
| ” | total (T3) | – | 0.75-2.50 × 10-9 |
| Tryptophan | – | 5-10 × 10-6 | 9-30 × 10-6 |
| Tyrosine | – | 8-14 × 10-6 | 4-25 × 10-6 |
| Urea | – | 2-4 × 10-4 | 2.8-4 × 10-4 |
| Uric acid | – | 6-49 × 10-6 | 2-7 × 10-5 |
| ” | child | – | 3.5-7.2 × 10-5 |
| ” | adult, male | – | 2.6-6.0 × 10-5 |
| ” | adult, female | 2.0-5.5 × 10-5 | |
| Valine | – | 2-2.9 × 10-5 | 1.7-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Vasointestinal peptide (VIP) | – | – | 6-16 × 10-12 |
| Vasopressin | – | – | – |
| ” | hydrated | – | 4.5 × 10-13 |
| ” | dehydrated | – | 3.7 × 10-12 |
| Zinc | – | 5-13 × 10-6 | 7-15 × 10-7 |
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