Lymphogranuloma venereum epidemiology and demographics
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.
Overview
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is rare in developed countries but the disease has become prevalent in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Outbreaks in MSM have occurred in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany and United States. LGV is seen most commonly in white individuals whose ages range from 15 to 40 years. Males typically present and earlier stages than females.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- True incidence is unknown in the United States since national reporting of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) ended in 1995.
- Between 2003 and 2012, approximately 2,000 cases of LGV were reported in the United Kingdom.[1]
Age
- LGV is seen in sexually active individuals, ranging from ages 15 to 40 years.
Gender
- LGV affects both sexes equally.
- Males typically present at earlier stages and females at later stages.
- LGV is commonly seen in men who have sex with men (MSM) presenting as proctitis.[2]
Race
- Although race is not a risk factor, most cases of LGV are among Caucasians.
Developed Countries
- LGV is uncommon in developed countries but outbreaks have occurred since 2003 among the MSM population in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Germany and United States.[3][4]
Developing Countries
- LGV is endemic to tropical regions of the world, including the Caribbean, Africa, and Southeast Asia.[5]
References
- ↑ de Vries, Henry J.C.; van der Bij, Akke K.; Fennema, Johan S.A.; Smit, Colette; de Wolf, Frank; Prins, Maria; Coutinho, Roel A.; MorrÉ, Servaas A. (2008). “Lymphogranuloma Venereum Proctitis in Men Who Have Sex With Men Is Associated With Anal Enema Use and High-Risk Behavior”. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 35 (2): 203–208. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0b013e31815abb08. ISSN 0148-5717.
- ↑ Ward H, Alexander S, Carder C, Dean G, French P, Ivens D; et al. (2009). “The prevalence of lymphogranuloma venereum infection in men who have sex with men: results of a multicentre case finding study”. Sex Transm Infect. 85 (3): 173–5. doi:10.1136/sti.2008.035311. PMC 2683989. PMID 19221105.
- ↑ Kapoor, S (2008). “Re-emergence of lymphogranuloma venereum”. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 22 (4): 409–416. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02573.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
- ↑ Ward, Helen; Martin, Iona; Macdonald, Neil; Alexander, Sarah; Simms, Ian; Fenton, Kevin; French, Patrick; Dean, Gillian; Ison, Catherine (2007). “Lymphogranuloma Venereum in the United Kingdom”. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 (1): 26–32. doi:10.1086/509922. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Mabey D, Peeling RW (2002). “Lymphogranuloma venereum”. Sex Transm Infect. 78 (2): 90–2. PMC 1744436. PMID 12081191.
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