Merkel cell cancer risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include old age, male gender, caucasian race, chronic exposure to sunlight, immunodeficiency, and personal history of cancer.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of merkel cell cancer may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Common risk factors for the development of merkel cell cancer include:^[1]^[2]^[3]
- Mutations in the DNA due to polyomaviruses
- Chronic exposure to sunlight
- Immunodeficiency or administration of immunosuppressive pharmacologic agents

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of merkel cell cancer include:^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Old age > 70 years
- Male gender
- Fair skin
- Personal history of cancers
- Caucasian race

References

↑ Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF; et al. (2008). “Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features”. J Am Acad Dermatol. 58 (3): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020. PMC 2335370. PMID 18280333.
↑ Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). “Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America”. J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
↑ Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA (February 2015). “Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 107 (2). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju382. PMC 4311175. PMID 25575645.
↑ Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, Lachance K, Thomas H, Chapuis AG, Harms KL, Thompson JA, Bhatia S, Stang A, Nghiem P (March 2018). “Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics”. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 78 (3): 457–463.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.028. PMID 29102486.
↑ Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (January 2010). “Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study”. J. Cutan. Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.
↑ Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). “Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America”. J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid18280333-1] Heath M, Jaimes N, Lemos B, Mostaghimi A, Wang LC, Peñas PF; et al. (2008). “Clinical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma at diagnosis in 195 patients: the AEIOU features”. J Am Acad Dermatol. 58 (3): 375–81. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.11.020. PMC 2335370. PMID 18280333.

[pmid300858322-2] Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). “Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America”. J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

[pmid25575645-3] Clarke CA, Robbins HA, Tatalovich Z, Lynch CF, Pawlish KS, Finch JL, Hernandez BY, Fraumeni JF, Madeleine MM, Engels EA (February 2015). “Risk of merkel cell carcinoma after solid organ transplantation”. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 107 (2). doi:10.1093/jnci/dju382. PMC 4311175. PMID 25575645.

[pmid29102486-4] Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, Lachance K, Thomas H, Chapuis AG, Harms KL, Thompson JA, Bhatia S, Stang A, Nghiem P (March 2018). “Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics”. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 78 (3): 457–463.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.028. PMID 29102486.

[pmid19638070-5] Albores-Saavedra J, Batich K, Chable-Montero F, Sagy N, Schwartz AM, Henson DE (January 2010). “Merkel cell carcinoma demographics, morphology, and survival based on 3870 cases: a population based study”. J. Cutan. Pathol. 37 (1): 20–7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01370.x. PMID 19638070.

[pmid30085832-6] Schmerling RA, Casas JG, Cinat G, Ospina F, Kassuga L, Tlahuel J, Mazzuoccolo LD (July 2018). “Burden of Disease, Early Diagnosis, and Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Latin America”. J Glob Oncol (4): 1–11. doi:10.1200/JGO.18.00041. PMC 6223512. PMID 30085832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)

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