Microdontia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Microdontia is a condition in which teeth appear smaller than normal. In the generalized form, all teeth are involved. In the localized form, only a few teeth are involved. The most common teeth affected are the upper lateral incisors and third molars. The affected teeth may be of normal or abnormal morphology.

There are 3 types of microdontia:

• True generalized microdontia
• Relative generalized microdontia
• Microdontia involving a single tooth^[1]

All the teeth are smaller in size, mainly reported in the case of pituitary dwarfism. All the teeth are well formed and small.

There is an illusion of true microdontia.

Commonly affects the maxilla, mainly lateral incisors and third molar. the lateral incisors become peg shaped.

• Faciogenital dysplasia
• Focal dermal hypoplasia
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Johanson-Blizzard syndrome
• Down syndrome
• Microcephaly, macrotia and mental retardation syndrome
• Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism with tooth abnormality
• Williams-Beuren syndrome
• Cranioectodermal dysplasia
• Ectodermal dysplasia, Margarita Island type
• Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
• Gorlin-Chaudhry-Moss syndrome
• Immunoosseous dysplasia, Schimke type
• Larsen syndrome
• Microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism, type II
• Odontotrichomelic syndrome
• Polydactyly, postaxial with dental and vertebral anomalies
• Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
• Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with abnormal dentition
• Coffin-Lowry syndrome
• Ectodermal dysplasia type I
• Ectodermal dysplasia, hypohidrotic with hypothyroidism and agenesis of the corpus callosum
• Cleft lip/palate ectodermal dysplasia
• Cartilage hair hypoplasia
• Witkop syndrome
• Uncombable hair, retinal pigmentary dystrophy, dental anomalies, brachydactyly
• Otodental dysplasia
• Symphalangism, Kantaputra type
• Oculodento-digital dysplasia
• Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome
• Hair-nail-skin-tooth dysplasia
• Ehlers-Danlos type VI
• Ectodermal dysplasia
• Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome
• Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate

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