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Murmur patterns

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]



Click here to read more about heart murmurs


Early Systolic Murmur

  • Begins with S1 and ends before or about the middle of systole.
    Begins with S1 and ends before or about the middle of systole.

Mid Systolic Murmur

  • Begins after S1 and ends before S2.
    Begins after S1 and ends before S2.

Late Systolic Murmur

  • Begins at about the middle of systole and ends at the time of S2.
    Begins at about the middle of systole and ends at the time of S2.

Holosystolic (Pansystolic) Murmur

  • Begins with S1 and ends with, or continues somewhat beyond, S2.
    Begins with S1 and ends with, or continues somewhat beyond, S2.

Early Diastolic Murmur

  • Begins with S2.
    Begins with S2.

Mid Diastolic Murmur

  • Begins after S2.
    Begins after S2.

Late Diastolic Murmur

  • Occurs immediately prior to S1.
    Occurs immediately prior to S1.

Continuous Murmur

  • Has both systolic and diastolic components.
    Has both systolic and diastolic components.

Crescendo

  • The loudness of the murmur increases progressively. The systolic component of a patent ductus arteriosus murmur is of this type.
    The loudness of the murmur increases progressively. The systolic component of a patent ductus arteriosus murmur is of this type.

Decrescendo

  • The loudness of the murmur decreases progressively. The murmurs of aortic and pulmonic regurgitation are examples of this type.
    The loudness of the murmur decreases progressively. The murmurs of aortic and pulmonic regurgitation are examples of this type.

Crescendo Decrescendo

  • The loudness of the murmur increases and then decreases. This configuration is typical for systolic ejection murmurs.
    The loudness of the murmur increases and then decreases. This configuration is typical for systolic ejection murmurs.

Plateau

  • The loudness of the murmur remains relatively constant. Holosystolic murmurs are representative of this type.
    The loudness of the murmur remains relatively constant. Holosystolic murmurs are representative of this type.


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