Myokmia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Myokmia is an involuntary and continuous Myoclonus (muscle twitch) that affects the muscles of the face, particularly the eyelids, as a result of the random firing of neurons leading into the muscle fibres.

Causes^[1]

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Gold therapy
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Penicillamine therapy
Ear Nose Throat	Axenfeld-schürenberg syndrome
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Axenfeld-schürenberg syndrome ,
Hematologic	Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Uremia
Iatrogenic	Gold therapy, Penicillamine therapy, Radiation therapy
Infectious Disease	Inflammatory demyelinating diseases, Syringomyelia, Thyrotoxicosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Spinocerebellar ataxia 12
Neurologic	Adcy5-related dyskinesia, Ataxia, Benign neonatal epilepsy, Brainstem neoplasms, Choreoathetosis-spasticity, Chronic idiopathic plexopathy, Corneal abrasion , Episodic ataxia type 1, Gamstorp-wohlfart syndrome, Guillain-barré syndrome, Hemifacial spasm, Inflammatory demyelinating diseases, Intramedullary pontine lesions, Isaacs-mertens syndrome, Metastatic lesions , Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyotonia, Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic choreoathetosis, Polyradiculoneuropathy, Sleep deprivation, Spinocerebellar ataxia 12 , Stiff-person syndrome , Syringomyelia
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Brainstem neoplasms, Metastatic lesions
Ophthalmologic	Corneal abrasion
Overdose/Toxicity	Excess alcohol intake, Excess caffeine intake
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	Uremia
Miscellaneous	Strenuous exercise

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Sharma RR, Mathad NV, Joshi DN, Mazarelo TB, Vaidya MM. Persistent facial myokymia: A rare pathognomic physical sign of intrinsic brain-stem lesions: report of 2 cases and review of literature

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[1] Sharma RR, Mathad NV, Joshi DN, Mazarelo TB, Vaidya MM. Persistent facial myokymia: A rare pathognomic physical sign of intrinsic brain-stem lesions: report of 2 cases and review of literature

[1]