Nausea and vomiting classification

Nausea and vomiting can be classified into acute or chronic

Acute vomiting which typically lasts from a few hours to few days is the most common presentation in the emergency department. Acute vomiting needs an extensive workup to exclude life-threatening conditions like bowel obstruction, mesenteric ischemia, acute pancreatitis, and possibly myocardial infarction.

Chronic vomiting which lasts from weeks to months is initially evaluated in an outpatient setting. Cyclical vomiting syndrome is the most common cause of chronic nausea and vomiting.

Based on the duration of symptoms it can be classified as

Acute nausea and vomiting can be caused by food allergies, viral gastroenteritis etc

It typically lasts from few hours to few days

Chronic nausea, vomiting can last from weeks to months. ^[1]

Chemotherapy is one of the most common cause of nausea and vomiting, and

Acute Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) occur with in 24 hours of chemotherapy administration

Delayed CINV can occur at least 24 hours after chemotherapy and peaks between 48-72 hours ^[2]

Nausea and vomiting that is triggered by stimuli associated withchemotherapy and can be due to prior poor control of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy ^{[3] [4]}

CINV that occurs despite maximum antiemetics

CINV that occurs within 5 days of chemotherapy despite of antiemetics. May require rescue therapy

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