Nephrotic syndrome classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3], Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian

Overview

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology. Primary (idiopathic) nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary glomerular disease. The secondary nephrotic syndrome is defined as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary etiology other than glomerular disorders, such as infections, malignancies, systemic conditions, and medications.

Classification

Nephrotic syndrome can be classified into primary or secondary depending on the underlying etiology.^[1]

Nephrotic
syndrome

Primary

Secondary

Below table lists different types of nephrotic syndromes:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Different types of nephrotic syndromes	Disease name
Podocytopathies	Primary	Minimal change disease
	Primary	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
	Secondary	Infection such as: HIV
		Drugs/toxins such as: NSAIDs Interferon Pamidronate Lithium Vaccins Envenomation
		Malignancies such as: Hodgkin lymphoma Thymoma
		Genetic disorders such as: Nephrin mutations Podocin gene mutations
Membranous glomerulonephritis	Primary	Membranous nephropathy
Membranous glomerulonephritis	Secondary	Drugs Toxins Malignancies
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis	Secondary	Autoimmune disorders such as: SLE Aquired C3 glomerulopathy Infections such as: HCV Endocarditis Genetics Malignancies Thrombotic microangiopathy
Hereditary Nephropathy	Alport syndrome IgA nephropathy C1q nephropathy
Glomerular deposition diseases	Diabetes mellitus Amyloidosis Monoclonal deposition disease Nodular glomeruloneohritis associated with heavy smoking
Others	Fabry disease Nail-patella syndrome Partial lipodystrophy Preeclampsia

References

↑ Kodner C (2009). “Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management”. Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.
↑ Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O’Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ (May 2000). “Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults”. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35 (5): 878–83. PMID 10793022.
↑ Heaf J (September 2004). “The Danish Renal Biopsy Register”. Kidney Int. 66 (3): 895–7. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x. PMID 15327377.
↑ Ha TS (March 2017). “Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review”. Korean J Pediatr. 60 (3): 55–63. doi:10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55. PMC 5383633. PMID 28392820.

[pmid19904897-1] Kodner C (2009). “Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management”. Am Fam Physician. 80 (10): 1129–34. PMID 19904897.

[pmid10793022-2] Braden GL, Mulhern JG, O’Shea MH, Nash SV, Ucci AA, Germain MJ (May 2000). “Changing incidence of glomerular diseases in adults”. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 35 (5): 878–83. PMID 10793022.

[pmid15327377-3] Heaf J (September 2004). “The Danish Renal Biopsy Register”. Kidney Int. 66 (3): 895–7. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00832.x. PMID 15327377.

[pmid28392820-4] Ha TS (March 2017). “Genetics of hereditary nephrotic syndrome: a clinical review”. Korean J Pediatr. 60 (3): 55–63. doi:10.3345/kjp.2017.60.3.55. PMC 5383633. PMID 28392820.

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