Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Omphalitis is most commonly caused by bacteria. The most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The infection is typically caused by a mix of these organisms and is, thus, a mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative infection. Anaerobic bacteria can also be involved. A common cause of omphalitis is improper cord care.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular
|
No underlying causes
|
| Chemical/Poisoning
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dental
|
No underlying causes
|
| Dermatologic
|
Carbuncle, folliculitis, pilonidal cyst
|
| Drug Side Effect
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ear Nose Throat
|
No underlying causes
|
| Endocrine
|
No underlying causes
|
| Environmental
|
Home birth, improper cord care, nonsterile delivery
|
| Gastroenterologic
|
Meckel’s diverticulum, patent urachus
|
| Genetic
|
Infected urachal cyst, Meckel’s diverticulum, patent urachus
|
| Hematologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Iatrogenic
|
Cultural application of cow dung, home birth, improper cord care, navel piercing, nonsterile delivery, umbilical catheterization
|
| Infectious Disease
|
Aeromonas, aspergillus fumigatus, bacteroides fragilis, candida, carbuncle, chorioamnionitis, clostridium perfringens, clostridium sordellii, cultural application of cow dung, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, folliculitis, group B streptococci, herpes simplex virus, infected urachal cyst, infection due to navel piercing, klebsiella, mycobacterium abscessus, proteus vulgaris, peptostreptococcus, pilonidal cyst, pityrosporum, plesiomonas shigelloides, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putrefaciens, sepsis, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes
|
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Neurologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Nutritional/Metabolic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Obstetric/Gynecologic
|
Chorioamnionitis, low birth weight, prematurity, prolonged labor, prolonged rupture of membrane
|
| Oncologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Ophthalmologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Overdose/Toxicity
|
No underlying causes
|
| Psychiatric
|
No underlying causes
|
| Pulmonary
|
No underlying causes
|
| Renal/Electrolyte
|
No underlying causes
|
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
|
Defects in natural killer cell (NK) activity, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
|
| Sexual
|
No underlying causes
|
| Trauma
|
No underlying causes
|
| Urologic
|
No underlying causes
|
| Miscellaneous
|
No underlying causes
|
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
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