Osteochondroma classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Osteochondromas may be classified into 2 subtypes: solitary osteochondromas (non-hereditary) and multiple osteochondromas (hereditary).^[1]

Classification

The table below differentiates between the 2 subtypes of osteochondromas:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]


Type of Osteochondroma	Features

Solitary osteochondroma	Non-hereditary 85% of osteochondromas No genetic mutations Located in long bones Onset is in early adolescence
Multiple osteochondromas	Hereditary Approximately 20% of osteochondromas Related genetic mutations EXT-1 and EXT-2 Early onset of disease (newborn or children)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kitsoulis P, Galani V, Stefanaki K, Paraskevas G, Karatzias G, Agnantis NJ, Bai M (2008). “Osteochondromas: review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features”. In Vivo (Athens, Greece). 22 (5): 633–46. PMID 18853760.
↑ Kushner BH, Roberts SS, Friedman DN, Kuk D, Ostrovnaya I, Modak S, Kramer K, Basu EM, Cheung NK (June 2015). “Osteochondroma in long-term survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma”. Cancer. 121 (12): 2090–6. doi:10.1002/cncr.29316. PMC 4970322. PMID 25728463.
↑ Marcovici PA, Berdon WE, Liebling MS (March 2007). “Osteochondromas and growth retardation secondary to externally or internally administered radiation in childhood”. Pediatr Radiol. 37 (3): 301–4. doi:10.1007/s00247-006-0382-0. PMID 17211603.
↑ Faraci M, Bagnasco F, Corti P, Messina C, Fagioli F, Podda M, Prete A, Caselli D, Lanino E, Dini G, Rondelli R, Haupt R (October 2009). “Osteochondroma after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood. An Italian study on behalf of the AIEOP-HSCT group”. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 15 (10): 1271–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.003. PMID 19747635.
↑ Pannier S, Legeai-Mallet L (March 2008). “Hereditary multiple exostoses and enchondromatosis”. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 22 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.004. PMID 18328980.
↑ Bovée JV (February 2008). “Multiple osteochondromas”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 3: 3. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-3. PMC 2276198. PMID 18271966.
↑ Schmale GA, Conrad EU, Raskind WH (July 1994). “The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses”. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76 (7): 986–92. doi:10.2106/00004623-199407000-00005. PMID 8027127.
↑ Wicklund CL, Pauli RM, Johnston D, Hecht JT (January 1995). “Natural history study of hereditary multiple exostoses”. Am. J. Med. Genet. 55 (1): 43–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320550113. PMID 7702095.

[pmid18853760-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kitsoulis P, Galani V, Stefanaki K, Paraskevas G, Karatzias G, Agnantis NJ, Bai M (2008). “Osteochondromas: review of the clinical, radiological and pathological features”. In Vivo (Athens, Greece). 22 (5): 633–46. PMID 18853760.

[pmid25728463-2] Kushner BH, Roberts SS, Friedman DN, Kuk D, Ostrovnaya I, Modak S, Kramer K, Basu EM, Cheung NK (June 2015). “Osteochondroma in long-term survivors of high-risk neuroblastoma”. Cancer. 121 (12): 2090–6. doi:10.1002/cncr.29316. PMC 4970322. PMID 25728463.

[pmid17211603-3] Marcovici PA, Berdon WE, Liebling MS (March 2007). “Osteochondromas and growth retardation secondary to externally or internally administered radiation in childhood”. Pediatr Radiol. 37 (3): 301–4. doi:10.1007/s00247-006-0382-0. PMID 17211603.

[pmid19747635-4] Faraci M, Bagnasco F, Corti P, Messina C, Fagioli F, Podda M, Prete A, Caselli D, Lanino E, Dini G, Rondelli R, Haupt R (October 2009). “Osteochondroma after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood. An Italian study on behalf of the AIEOP-HSCT group”. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 15 (10): 1271–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.06.003. PMID 19747635.

[pmid18328980-5] Pannier S, Legeai-Mallet L (March 2008). “Hereditary multiple exostoses and enchondromatosis”. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 22 (1): 45–54. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.12.004. PMID 18328980.

[pmid18271966-6] Bovée JV (February 2008). “Multiple osteochondromas”. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 3: 3. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-3-3. PMC 2276198. PMID 18271966.

[pmid8027127-7] Schmale GA, Conrad EU, Raskind WH (July 1994). “The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses”. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76 (7): 986–92. doi:10.2106/00004623-199407000-00005. PMID 8027127.

[pmid7702095-8] Wicklund CL, Pauli RM, Johnston D, Hecht JT (January 1995). “Natural history study of hereditary multiple exostoses”. Am. J. Med. Genet. 55 (1): 43–6. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320550113. PMID 7702095.

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