Paroxysmal hypertension
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure.
Classification
Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma are said to be suffering from pseudopheochromocytoma,[1] a disorder with no known cause.
Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Baroreflex failure, Factitious hypertension |
| Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Carcinoid |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Mastocytosis |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Brain tumor, Cluster headache, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lateral medulla compression, Migraine headache, Seizures, Stroke , Traumatic brain injury |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | Carcinoid, Pheochromocytoma, Brain tumor |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
| Psychiatric | Anxiety, Factitious hypertension |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Renovascular hypertension |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Traumatic brain injury |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | Pseudopheochromocytoma, Factitious hypertension |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Amphetamine
- Anxiety
- Baroreflex failure
- Brain tumor
- Carcinoid
- Cluster headache
- Cocaine
- Factitious hypertension
- Hyperthyroidism
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Lateral medulla compression
- Lysergic acid diethylamide
- Mastocytosis
- Migraine headache
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pseudopheochromocytoma[2]
- Renovascular hypertension
- Traumatic brain injury
- Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- Seizures
- Stroke
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- Some cases can result in hypertensive encephalopathy
References
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