Polymyalgia rheumatica risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Age, female sex, Scandinavia and northern Europe origin are risk factors for polymyalgia rheumatica. Other risk factors include smoking, sun exposure, infections, and nulliparity.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors of polymyalgia rheumatica include the following:^[1]^[2]^[3]
- Age
- Female sex
- Scandinavia and northern Europe origin
- Smoking
- Sun exposure
- Infections
- Nulliparity

References

↑ Cimmino MA, Zaccaria A (2000). “Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica”. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 18 (4 Suppl 20): S9–11. PMID 10948749.
↑ Pamuk ON, Dönmez S, Karahan B, Pamuk GE, Cakir N (2009). “Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Turkey: Clinical features and epidemiological data”. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 27 (5): 830–3. PMID 19917168.
↑ Doran MF, Crowson CS, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE (2002). “Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA”. J Rheumatol. 29 (8): 1694–7. PMID 12180732.

[pmid10948749-1] Cimmino MA, Zaccaria A (2000). “Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica”. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 18 (4 Suppl 20): S9–11. PMID 10948749.

[pmid19917168-2] Pamuk ON, Dönmez S, Karahan B, Pamuk GE, Cakir N (2009). “Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in northwestern Turkey: Clinical features and epidemiological data”. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 27 (5): 830–3. PMID 19917168.

[pmid12180732-3] Doran MF, Crowson CS, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG, Gabriel SE (2002). “Trends in the incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica over a 30 year period in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA”. J Rheumatol. 29 (8): 1694–7. PMID 12180732.

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