Portal vein thrombosis risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include cirrhosis, pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, cholecystectomy, diverticulitis, and appendicitis. Less common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include oral contraceptives, pregnancy or puerperium, and hyperhomocysteinemia.

• Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include: Hepatic cancer, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer, cholecystitis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and cholecystectomy.

• Common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include:^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}
  • Cirrhosis
  • Focal inflammatory lesions
  • Neonatal omphalitis, umbilical vein catheterization
  • Diverticulitis
  • Appendicitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Duodenal ulcer
  • Cholecystitis
  • Tuberculous lymphadenitis
  • Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis
  • Cytomegalovirus hepatitis
  • Injury to the portal venous system
  • Splenectomy
  • Colectomy and gastrectomy
  • Cholecystectomy
  • Liver transplantation
  • Abdominal trauma
  • Surgical portosystemic shunting
  • Iatrogenic (fine needle aspiration of abdominal masses etc.)
  • Preserved liver function with precipitating factors (splenectomy, surgical portosystemic shunting, TIPS dysfunction, thrombophilia)
  • Advanced disease in the absence of obvious precipitating factors

• Less common risk factors in the development of portal vein thrombosis include:^[5][7][8]
  • Oral contraceptives
  • Pregnancy or puerperium
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia
  • Malignancy

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