Pulmonary edema causes
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farnaz Khalighinejad, MD [2]
Overview
Common causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema are cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis. Common causes of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema are acute respiratory distress syndrome, high altitude pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism.
Causes
Common Causes
- Congestive heart failure
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Aortic Stenosis
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
- Myocarditis
- Pericardial Disease
- Infection
- Sepsis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular |
Severe Arrhythmias (tachycardia/fast heartbeat or bradycardia/slow heartbeat),Arteriovenous malformation,Anomalous pulmonary venous return, Aortic Regurgitation, Aortic Stenosis, Arrhythmia, Cardiomyopathy, Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis, Congestive heart failure, Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertensive crisis, Left Heart Failure, Left-to-Right Shunt, Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Stenosis, Myocarditis, Pericardial Disease, Pericardial effusion with tamponade, ST elevation MI with left ventricular failure |
| Chemical / poisoning | |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect |
A variety of Drugs, particularly Chemotherapeutic agents such as anthracyclines, Bosutinib, Cytarabine, Gadobenate Dimeglumine,Gemcitabine, Hydrochlorothiazide, Meropenem, Muromonab-CD3, Oprelvekin, Phenylephrine, Pilocarpine, Pramipexole, Protamine sulfate, prednisolone |
| Ear Nose Throat | |
| Endocrine | |
| Environmental |
High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)[1], Inhalation of toxic gases such as amonia, Water intoxication |
| Gastroenterologic |
Gastric content aspiration |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic |
Blood Transfusions, Idiopathic Venoocclusive Disease, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Leukemia |
| Iatrogenic |
Hyperhydration, Blood Transfusions, High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)[2] |
| Infectious Disease |
Bacterial toxins, Malaria, Miliary Tuberculosis, Sepsis, Toxic Shock Syndrome |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic |
Neurogenic, e.g. Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Nutritional / Metabolic |
Hypoalbuminemia / Albumin deficiency, Water intoxication |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | |
| Oncologic | |
| Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose / Toxicity | |
| Psychiatric |
Psychogenic polydipsia with hyperhydration, Water intoxication |
| Pulmonary |
Acute Bronchial Asthma, Drowning, Gastric content aspiration, Mediastinitis,Pneumonia, Pulmonary contusion, Pulmonary embolism, Reexpansion, i.e. post pneumonectomy or large volume thoracentesis, Reperfusion injury, i.e. postpulmonary thromboendartectomy or lung transplantation, Upper airway obstruction |
| Renal / Electrolyte | |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma |
Drowning, Burns, Inhalation of toxic gases, Pulmonary contusion, Trauma |
| Urologic | |
| Miscellaneous |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Cardiogenic
- Severe arrhythmias (tachycardia/fast heartbeat or bradycardia/slow heartbeat)
- Arteriovenous malformation
- Anomalous pulmonary venous return
- Aortic Regurgitation
- Aortic Stenosis
- Arrhythmia
- Cardiomyopathy
- Congenita pulmonary venous stenosis
- Congestive heart failure
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Cytarabine
- Hypertensive crisis
- Left Heart Failure
- Left-to-Right Shunt
- Mitral Regurgitation
- Mitral Stenosis
- Myocarditis
- Pericardial Disease
- Pericardial effusion with tamponade
- ST elevation MI with left ventricular failure
Non-cardiogenic
This form is contiguous with ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome):
- Acute Bronchial Asthma
- Acute Renal Failure
- Bacterial toxins
- Blood Transfusions
- Burns
- Chronic mediastinitis
- Decompression sickness
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Drowning
- Drugs– Cytomegalovirus immune globulin
- Fibrotic/inflammatory disease
- Fluid overload, e.g. from kidney failure
- Gastric content aspiration
- Goodpasture’s Syndrome
- High altitude sickness. Ascent to high altitude occasionally causes high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)[3]
- Hyperhydration
- Hypoalbuminemia / Albumin deficiency
- Idiopathic Venoocclusive Disease
- Inhalation of toxic gases
- Infection
- Leukemia
- Malaria
- Miliary Tuberculosis
- Neurogenic, e.g. subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Oprelvekin
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pneumonia
- Pulmonary contusion, i.e. high-energy trauma
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Reexpansion, i.e. post pneumonectomy or large volume thoracentesis
- Reperfusion injury, i.e. postpulmonary thromboendartectomy or lung transplantation
- Sepsis
- Shock
- Toxic Shock Syndrome
- Multitrauma, e.g. motor vehicle accident
- Upper airway obstruction
- Uremia
References
- ↑ M Bates. “High altitude pulmonary edema”. Apex (Altitude Physiology Expeditions). Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ↑ M Bates. “High altitude pulmonary edema”. Apex (Altitude Physiology Expeditions). Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ↑ M Bates. “High altitude pulmonary edema”. Apex (Altitude Physiology Expeditions). Retrieved 2007-03-06.
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