Restless legs syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

• The symptoms of restless leg syndrome usually develop in the elderly patients, and start with symptoms such as Urge to move the legs and Uncomfortable and bothersome sensations in the affected limbs.^[1][2]
• Complication of untreated restless leg syndrome are more prominent among children:
  • If left untreated, children with restless leg syndrome may progress to develop cardiovascular problems, cognitive deficits, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleepwalking, nightmares, and parasomnias.^[3][4]

• Common complications of restless leg syndrome in children include:^[3][4]
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Sleepwalking
  • Nightmares
  • Parasomnias
  • Cardiovascular problems

• Men with RLS had a higher overall mortality and this association was independent of known risk factors.^[5]
  • The increased mortality in RLS in men is more frequently associated with:
    • Respiratory disease
    • Endocrine disease
    • Nutritional/metabolic disease
    • Immunologic disorders
• Women with RLS has a higher cardiovascular mortality rate.^[6]
• mortality in end-stage renal disease patients is not influenced by concomitant RLS.^[7]

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