Rhabdomyosarcoma other diagnostic studies
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
Biopsy considered as the most commonly diagnostic study in rhabdomyosarcoma and it can be done by open surgery, core-needle biopsy, and fine-needle biopsy. Lumbar puncture is an another diagnostic study in parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma and meningeal involvement cases. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are usually performed evaluation of bone marrow involvement due to metastases. Regional and distant lymph nodes need to be assessed clinically and radiologically and lymph nodes that are greater than 1 cm are considered as suspicious ones
Other Diagnostic Tests
Biopsy
- Tissue biopsy considered as most commonly diagnostic study in rhabdomyosarcoma.[1]
- There are several ways of taking biopsies which depends on following criteria:[2][3]
- Open surgical biopsy is considered as a recommended method to obtaining tissues and proper diagnosis.[4]
- Needle biopsies are considered as less invasive way of taking biopsies.
Lumbar puncture
- Lumbar puncture is considered as unnecessary procedure in rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosis.[5]
- Lumbar puncture is usually done in parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma.
- Also may be considered as a diagnostic study in rhabdomyosarcoma with meningeal involvement.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
- Bone marrow aspiration is usually performed for evaluation of bone marrow involvement due to metastases.[3][5]
- The samples are taken from pelvic bones.
- It is considered as low yield diagnostic study.
Lymph node assessment
- Regional and distant lymph nodes need to be assessed clinically and radiologically.[6]
- Lymph nodes that are greater than 1 cm are considered as suspicious ones.
- If lymph nodes involvement have been seen more than locoregional areas, stage IV of rhabdomyosarcoma is confirmed.
- In extremity tumors, transit lymph nodes must be assessed aggressively due to higher positive incidence.
- Sentinel lymph node technique and regional nodal sampling are used for surgical lymph node assessment.
References
- ↑ Chowdhury T, Barnacle A, Haque S, Sebire N, Gibson S, Anderson J; et al. (2009). “Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood”. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 53 (3): 356–60. doi:10.1002/pbc.22059. PMID 19418540.
- ↑ Nunez AL, Elgin JN, Fatima H (2014). “Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of Stensen’s duct: a case report and review of the literature”. Diagn Cytopathol. 42 (12): 1069–74. doi:10.1002/dc.23084. PMID 24599626.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kaseb H, Babiker HM. Cancer, Rhabdomyosarcoma. [Updated 2018 Oct 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507721/
- ↑ PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board. Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma Treatment (PDQ®): Patient Version. 2019 Jan 30. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65839/
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Weiss AR, Lyden ER, Anderson JR, Hawkins DS, Spunt SL, Walterhouse DO; et al. (2013). “Histologic and clinical characteristics can guide staging evaluations for children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee”. J Clin Oncol. 31 (26): 3226–32. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.44.6476. PMC 3757291. PMID 23940218.
- ↑ La TH, Wolden SL, Rodeberg DA, Hawkins DS, Brown KL, Anderson JR; et al. (2011). “Regional nodal involvement and patterns of spread along in-transit pathways in children with rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group”. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 80 (4): 1151–7. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.050. PMC 3116031. PMID 20542386.
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