Sanders classification system

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Synonyms and Keywords: Heel Bone Fracture

Overview

The calcaneus bone known as the largest tarsal bone^[1].

Sanders classification system for the Calcaneal fracture

The Sanders classification is used for the intraarticular calcaneal fractures evaluations affecting the posterior facet of the calcaneus^[1]^[2].

This Sanders classification is based on the number and location of the intraarticular fractures using the semicoronal CT images as follow^[3]^[4]:


	Description	Detail	Image
Type 1	No-displaced
Type 2	Two part fracture	A- Lateral third	Calcaneal fracture Type 2a
		B- Central third	Calcaneal fracture Type 2b
		C- Medial Third	Calcaneal fracture Type 2c
Type 3	Three part fracture	AB- Involvement of the lateral and central apsects of the posterior facet of the calcaneus,	Calcaneal fracture Type 3AB
		AC- Involvement of the lateral and medial apsects of the posterior facet of the calcaneus.	Calcaneal fracture Type 3AC
		BC- Involvement of the central and medial apsects of the posterior facet of the calcaneus	Calcaneal fracture Type 3BC
Type 4	more than three part fracture (four or more fragments)

References

External links

Template:Fractures Template:WikiDoc Sources

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Piovesana LG, Lopes HC, Pacca DM, Ninomiya AF, Dinato MC, Pagnano RG (2016). “ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCIBILITY OF SANDERS CLASSIFICATION FOR CALCANEAL FRACTURES”. Acta Ortop Bras. 24 (2): 90–3. doi:10.1590/1413-785220162402154682. PMC 4775497. PMID 26981043.
↑ Lauder AJ, Inda DJ, Bott AM, Clare MP, Fitzgibbons TC, Mormino MA (April 2006). “Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of two classification systems for intra-articular calcaneal fractures”. Foot Ankle Int. 27 (4): 251–5. doi:10.1177/107110070602700405. PMID 16624214.
↑ Sayed-Noor AS, Agren PH, Wretenberg P (September 2011). “Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of three radiological classification systems for intra-articular calcaneal fractures”. Foot Ankle Int. 32 (9): 861–6. doi:10.3113/FAI.2011.0861. PMID 22097161.
↑ Veltman ES, van den Bekerom MP, Doornberg JN, Verbeek DO, Rammelt S, Steller EP, Schepers T (July 2014). “Three-dimensional computed tomography is not indicated for the classification and characterization of calcaneal fractures”. Injury. 45 (7): 1117–20. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2014.01.022. PMID 24530220.

[pmid26981043-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Piovesana LG, Lopes HC, Pacca DM, Ninomiya AF, Dinato MC, Pagnano RG (2016). “ASSESSMENT OF REPRODUCIBILITY OF SANDERS CLASSIFICATION FOR CALCANEAL FRACTURES”. Acta Ortop Bras. 24 (2): 90–3. doi:10.1590/1413-785220162402154682. PMC 4775497. PMID 26981043.

[pmid16624214-2] Lauder AJ, Inda DJ, Bott AM, Clare MP, Fitzgibbons TC, Mormino MA (April 2006). “Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of two classification systems for intra-articular calcaneal fractures”. Foot Ankle Int. 27 (4): 251–5. doi:10.1177/107110070602700405. PMID 16624214.

[pmid22097161-3] Sayed-Noor AS, Agren PH, Wretenberg P (September 2011). “Interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of three radiological classification systems for intra-articular calcaneal fractures”. Foot Ankle Int. 32 (9): 861–6. doi:10.3113/FAI.2011.0861. PMID 22097161.

[pmid24530220-4] Veltman ES, van den Bekerom MP, Doornberg JN, Verbeek DO, Rammelt S, Steller EP, Schepers T (July 2014). “Three-dimensional computed tomography is not indicated for the classification and characterization of calcaneal fractures”. Injury. 45 (7): 1117–20. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2014.01.022. PMID 24530220.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]